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Engineering Studies > Engineering Fundamentals > Flashcards

Engineering Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 steps to Orthogonal Third Angle Projection Drawing?

A 
Setting out
Centre Lines
Circles and Arcs
Details; including hidden details
Firming in
Dimensions
Titles
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2
Q

What are 5 Role descriptions for an engineer?

A 
Research, Design and development
manufacture
maintenance 
Marketing and Sales
Training and Education
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3
Q

What were three effects of the industrial revolution on peoples lives?

A

More iron –> more iron products
Less cheap labour for home use due to more factores
more household appliances –> more electricity at lower cost

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4
Q

What is weight?

A

A force due to gravity

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5
Q

What is Mechanical Advantage?

A

MA=F(out)/F(in)=load/effort

ratio of force acting on load to force being applied

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6
Q

What is Velocity Ratio?

A

VR=D(in)/d(out)=distance moved by effort over distance moved by load.

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7
Q

What decreases efficiency? What is efficiency formula?

A

losses due to friction/elasticity/sound

efficiency=MA/VR; if 100% efficiency MA=VR

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8
Q

How can you determine the VR of a lever?

A

distance between effort and fulcrum/distance between load and fulcrum

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9
Q

What are the three orders of lever?

A

1st Order - load and effort on different ends of fulcrum
2nd Order - load and effort on same end; load closer
3rd Order - 2nd order but effort is closer (distance magnifier)

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10
Q

What order lever is a wheel?

A

3rd order

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11
Q

How can you determine VR of a wheel and axle?

A

diameter of wheel/diameter of axle (or any measurement, as all are in proportion)

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12
Q

What are the two types of pullys?

A

type 1 - wheel rotates in a block

type 2 - belt and pully/chain and sprocket

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13
Q

How can you determine the MA in a type 1 pully system?

A

MA=number of falls of rope

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14
Q

How can you determine the VR in a type 2 pully system?

A

VR=Diameter of follower pully/diameter of driven pully

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15
Q

How can you determine the VR of a gear system?

A

VR=radius/diameter/# teeth output/same of input

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16
Q

How can you determine the VR of an incline plane?

A

VR=1/sinx

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17
Q

How can you determine the VR of a wedge?

A

VR=L/h

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18
Q

How can you determine the VR of a screw?

A

VR=Pi*d/pitch

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19
Q

What are general properties of metals?

A

conductive, ductile, tough, strong

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20
Q

What makes a metal ferrous? give 3 examples

A

greater than 50% iron
steel
alloy steels
cast irons

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21
Q

What makes a metal non-ferrous? give 2 examples

A

trace amounts of iron, if any
aluminium
copper

22
Q

What are the three types of polymers?

A

thermosetting
thermosoftening
elstomers

23
Q

What are 4 general properties of polymers?

A

insulators, softer than metals, less dense than metals, corrosion resistant

24
Q

What are 6 general properties of ceramics?

A

hard, brittle, good in compression, bad in tension, insulator, chemically inert

25
Q

What is a composite material? what is a general property of composites?

A

2 or more metals combined for superior properties

high specific strength

26
Q

define ductility:

A

ability to deform under tensile load without fracture

27
Q

define malleability:

A

ability to deform under compressive force without failure

28
Q

define hardness:

A

ability to withstand surface indentation and scratching

29
Q

define toughness

A

ability to withstand impact force and plastically deform before fracture (ductility and strength)

30
Q

define strength

A

ability to withstand load without failure

31
Q

What are three structures of metals?

A

Body centred cubic (BBC)
Face centred cubic (FCC)
Close Packed Hexagonal (CPH)

32
Q

What are the three main types of bonding?

A

ionic
covalent
metallic

33
Q

What are 4 methods of joining metals?

A

adhesives
soft solder
brazing
welding

34
Q

how do adhesives work?

A

join surfaces through chemical reaction

35
Q

What is soft solder? What is its melting point?

A

tin and lead, 300 C

36
Q

What is brazing? what are two brazing materials used and their melting points? What is the main advantage?

A

like soft solder but higher Melting point
silver solder; 600-800 C
Brazing alloy (Cu+Zn) 850-900 C
used with all kinds of metals

37
Q

What is the defining characteristic of welding? What are 3 types of welding? give an example of each one (2 examples and 3 advantages for a mystery one)

A

melts parent metal
resistance welding - spot welding
gas welding - oxy acetylene
electric arc - stick welding (flux reduces oxidation), MIG,(inert gas), strong, convenient, low cost

38
Q

What is fabrication?

A

made up of smaller parts

39
Q

What is Casting/moulding?

A

pouring molten into mould to take shape

40
Q

What is working?

A

e.g. rolling, forging, beating into shape.

41
Q

What is extrusion?

A

pushing through a shaped hole to make shape with constant cross section

42
Q

What is Jiggering?

A

Former against rotating clay

43
Q

Outline slip casting

A

> Slip (clay suspended in water) poured into porous mould
mould absorbs water
slip poured off
hollow item

44
Q

Outline dry shaping of ceramics.

A

powdered>pressed>fired to create internal bonding

45
Q

Outline the stages of firing clay, along with temperatures

A

up to 150C - drying - evaporation - reversible
300-700 C - dehydration and oxidation - eliminates primary bonded water and impurities - permanent
700 C and above - vitrification - glass forms which cements particles and makes it water tight

46
Q

What are the 4 types of clay materials and give the porosity and provide a use for each

A

earthenware - porous - bricks, wall tiles
stoneware - less porous - roofing tiles, pipes, overware
china - no porosity - fine tableware
Porcelain - no porosity - tableware, scientific equipment

47
Q

What is concrete?

A

a conglomerate of sand, aggregate, cement, and water

48
Q

What are two ways of testing concrete?

A

compression test with a short fat sample

slump test, where the drop in height indicates water content and therefore strength

49
Q

What are 4 advantages of concrete? What is the main disadvantage? How can this be fixed?

A 
ADV
low tech to mould
compressive strength
watertight
hard and wear resistant
Dis Adv ; bad in tension --> reinforced concrete
50
Q

What is timber a composite of?

A

Cellulose and lignin matrix

51
Q

What is the difference between hardwoods and softwoods?

A

hardwoods have some pores empty, but majority filled with cellulose; softwoods have all pores empty

52
Q

What are 4 advantages of timber and 4 disadvantages?

A 
ADV
high specific strength
regenerative
easily workds
can be laminated (plywood, particle/fibre/hardboard)
D.ADV
combustable
varied strength
weak in compression
decay

Engineering Studies (2 decks)

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