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ENGEN 112 > Engineering Alloys > Flashcards

Engineering Alloys Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ferrous alloy

A

An alloy with iron in it (at least 50%)

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2
Q

What elements are required to make a steel

A

Iron and carbon
(1% carbon maximum)

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3
Q

Why are ferrous alloys used

A
  • Relatively cheap
  • Iron is abundant
  • Extremely versatile
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4
Q

On the tree what comes after ferrous alloys

A

Steels and cast irons

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5
Q

Name the different sections of the iron-iron carbide diagram

A

Check answer

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6
Q

What is the symbol for ferrite

A

Alpha

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7
Q

What does alpha represent

A

Ferrite

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8
Q

Where on the graph does it switch from steels to cast irons

A

2.14 composition

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9
Q

Formula for cementite

A

Fe3c

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10
Q

What is Fe3C

A

Cementite

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11
Q

What is the symbol for austenite

A

Gamma

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12
Q

What does gamma represent

A

Austenite

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13
Q

Symbol for the other ferrite

A

Delta

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14
Q

What does delta represent

A

The other ferrite

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15
Q

What is the structure of alpha ferrite

A

BCC body centred cubic

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16
Q

What is the structure of gamma austenite

A

FCC face centred cubic

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17
Q

What is the structure of delta ferrite

A

BBC

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18
Q

Where is the maximum solubility of carbon into alpha ferrite on the diagram

A

0.022

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19
Q

What is the eutectoid reaction in steels

A

Austenite <-> alpha ferrite + Fe3C

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20
Q

What effect does increment of C have in steel have on its strength hardness toughness and ductility

A

As the amount of carbon increases, strength and hardness also increase while toughness and ductility decrease

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21
Q

What is a maraging steel

A

Martensitic + aging
Low carbon but ultra high strength due to Ni (usually) forming precipitates
Used for engine components such as crank shafts and gears

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22
Q

What is pearlite?

A

Alpha ferrite + Fe3C

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23
Q

What is Eutectic

A

L <~> gamma + Fe3C

24
Q

What is eutectoid

A

Gamma <~> alpha ferrite + Fe3C (pearlite)

25
Q

What are eutectoid steels

A

Has exactly the amount of carbon as at the eutectoid point

26
Q

Draw a graph cooling from austenite (gamma)

A

Draw ya bitch

27
Q

Draw pearlite

A

U got this

28
Q

What are hypoeutectoid steels

A

Carbon content is lower than the eutectoid point

29
Q

What are hypereutectoid steels

A

Carbon content above the eutectoid point

30
Q

What are plan carbon steels divided into

A

Low carbon <0.25 wt. % C
Medium carbon 0.25 - 0.6 wt. % C
High carbon > 0.6 wt. % C

As strength is increased ductility decreases

31
Q

Features of solid phases of phase diagram

A

Ferrite - bbc structure, relatively soft
Fe3C - very hard but brittle
Austenite - fcc structure, non-magnetic

32
Q

What is the influence of alloying elements on the eutectoid temp

A

Some shift temp up - stability of austenite decreases
Some shift temp down - stability of austenite increases

33
Q

How are low carbon steels strengthened

A

Cold working

34
Q

Why are low carbon steels unresponsive to heat treatments?

A

Due to the carbon content being less than 0.25wt.%

35
Q

What are the microstructures of low carbon steels (made out of)

A

Ferrite and very little pearlite

36
Q

The properties of low carbon steels

A
  • soft and weak
  • high ductility and toughness
37
Q

What are low c steels used for?

A

Sheet forming
Car body parts

38
Q

What are high strength low alloy steels (HSLA)?

A

A group of low c steels
Contain other alloying elements such as Cu, Ni, V, Mo in concentrations as high as 10 wt.%

39
Q

Strength of HSLA’s

A

Higher strengths than plain c steels
Strengthened by heat treatment

40
Q

Properties of HSLA’s (not strength)

A

Ductile
Formable
Machinable

41
Q

What are HSLA’s used for?

A

Structural components of bridges, towers
Pressure vessels

42
Q

How to improve the mechanical properties of medium c steels?

A

Heat treatment
Additions of Cr, Ni, Mo increase the response of heat treatments

43
Q

Applications of medium c steels

A

Railway wheels and tracks
Gears
Crankshafts

44
Q

Properties of 0.3 wt.% c steels (medium)

A

-Stronger than low carbon steels
- Used for structural applications such as steel plate for ships
High ductility but can fail in a brittle manner

45
Q

Properties of 0.4 wt.% carbon steels (medium)

A
  • medium carbon content (50% pearlite)
  • medium strength and can be hardened by quenching and tempering
  • used for shafts, gears, and other machine components
46
Q

Properties of high carbon steels?

A

Hardest, strongest and lest ductile of plain c steels

47
Q

How are high c steels made stronger

A

Heat treatment (almost always done)

48
Q

What r high c steels used for?

A

Capability to hold a sharp edge
Superior tensile strength

49
Q

What are tool and die steels

A

High carbon steel alloys usually containing Cr, V, W and Mo
Forms very wear resistant carbide compounds

50
Q

0.6 wt.% c steels

A

High hardness but low toughness
Used for knives chisels
Can be hardened by quenching and tempering

51
Q

What is weldability

A

The ease of welding without development of weld defects such as thermal cracks
Regions close to the weld normally experience microstructural and properties alterations
Related to hardenability

52
Q

Hardenability

A

The depth to which a specific ferrous alloy may be hardened by the formation of martensite upon quenching

53
Q

How does alloying and carbon content affect hardenability

A

Alloying normally improves hardenability
Lower the carbon content the poorer the hardenability

54
Q

Machinability

A

Determined by different aspects related to the cutting performance among which, tool life, cutting speed, power consumption, quantity of surface finish

55
Q

Tool steels

A

High C steels with the addition of carbide forming elements
Commonly used for manufacturing tools used in cutting, forming and shaping operations
Must be resistant to softening at high temps
Resistant to wear
Toughness to absorb shock loading

56
Q

What are the 3 main categories of stainless steels

A

Martensitic
Ferritic
Austenitic

ENGEN 112 (7 decks)

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