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ENGEN 112 > Engineering Alloys > Flashcards

Engineering Alloys Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ferrous alloy

A

An alloy with iron in it (at least 50%)

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2
Q

What elements are required to make a steel

A

Iron and carbon
(1% carbon maximum)

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3
Q

Why are ferrous alloys used

A
  • Relatively cheap
  • Iron is abundant
  • Extremely versatile
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4
Q

On the tree what comes after ferrous alloys

A

Steels and cast irons

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5
Q

Name the different sections of the iron-iron carbide diagram

A

Check answer

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6
Q

What is the symbol for ferrite

A

Alpha

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7
Q

What does alpha represent

A

Ferrite

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8
Q

Where on the graph does it switch from steels to cast irons

A

2.14 composition

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9
Q

Formula for cementite

A

Fe3c

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10
Q

What is Fe3C

A

Cementite

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11
Q

What is the symbol for austenite

A

Gamma

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12
Q

What does gamma represent

A

Austenite

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13
Q

Symbol for the other ferrite

A

Delta

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14
Q

What does delta represent

A

The other ferrite

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15
Q

What is the structure of alpha ferrite

A

BCC body centred cubic

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16
Q

What is the structure of gamma austenite

A

FCC face centred cubic

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17
Q

What is the structure of delta ferrite

A

BBC

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18
Q

Where is the maximum solubility of carbon into alpha ferrite on the diagram

A

0.022

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19
Q

What is the eutectoid reaction in steels

A

Austenite <-> alpha ferrite + Fe3C

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20
Q

What effect does increment of C have in steel have on its strength hardness toughness and ductility

A

As the amount of carbon increases, strength and hardness also increase while toughness and ductility decrease

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21
Q

What is a maraging steel

A

Martensitic + aging
Low carbon but ultra high strength due to Ni (usually) forming precipitates
Used for engine components such as crank shafts and gears

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22
Q

What is pearlite?

A

Alpha ferrite + Fe3C

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23
Q

What is Eutectic

A

L <~> gamma + Fe3C

24
Q

What is eutectoid

A

Gamma <~> alpha ferrite + Fe3C (pearlite)

25
What are eutectoid steels
Has exactly the amount of carbon as at the eutectoid point
26
Draw a graph cooling from austenite (gamma)
Draw ya bitch
27
Draw pearlite
U got this
28
What are hypoeutectoid steels
Carbon content is lower than the eutectoid point
29
What are hypereutectoid steels
Carbon content above the eutectoid point
30
What are plan carbon steels divided into
Low carbon <0.25 wt. % C Medium carbon 0.25 - 0.6 wt. % C High carbon > 0.6 wt. % C As strength is increased ductility decreases
31
Features of solid phases of phase diagram
Ferrite - bbc structure, relatively soft Fe3C - very hard but brittle Austenite - fcc structure, non-magnetic
32
What is the influence of alloying elements on the eutectoid temp
Some shift temp up - stability of austenite decreases Some shift temp down - stability of austenite increases
33
How are low carbon steels strengthened
Cold working
34
Why are low carbon steels unresponsive to heat treatments?
Due to the carbon content being less than 0.25wt.%
35
What are the microstructures of low carbon steels (made out of)
Ferrite and very little pearlite
36
The properties of low carbon steels
- soft and weak - high ductility and toughness
37
What are low c steels used for?
Sheet forming Car body parts
38
What are high strength low alloy steels (HSLA)?
A group of low c steels Contain other alloying elements such as Cu, Ni, V, Mo in concentrations as high as 10 wt.%
39
Strength of HSLA’s
Higher strengths than plain c steels Strengthened by heat treatment
40
Properties of HSLA’s (not strength)
Ductile Formable Machinable
41
What are HSLA’s used for?
Structural components of bridges, towers Pressure vessels
42
How to improve the mechanical properties of medium c steels?
Heat treatment Additions of Cr, Ni, Mo increase the response of heat treatments
43
Applications of medium c steels
Railway wheels and tracks Gears Crankshafts
44
Properties of 0.3 wt.% c steels (medium)
-Stronger than low carbon steels - Used for structural applications such as steel plate for ships High ductility but can fail in a brittle manner
45
Properties of 0.4 wt.% carbon steels (medium)
- medium carbon content (50% pearlite) - medium strength and can be hardened by quenching and tempering - used for shafts, gears, and other machine components
46
Properties of high carbon steels?
Hardest, strongest and lest ductile of plain c steels
47
How are high c steels made stronger
Heat treatment (almost always done)
48
What r high c steels used for?
Capability to hold a sharp edge Superior tensile strength
49
What are tool and die steels
High carbon steel alloys usually containing Cr, V, W and Mo Forms very wear resistant carbide compounds
50
0.6 wt.% c steels
High hardness but low toughness Used for knives chisels Can be hardened by quenching and tempering
51
What is weldability
The ease of welding without development of weld defects such as thermal cracks Regions close to the weld normally experience microstructural and properties alterations Related to hardenability
52
Hardenability
The depth to which a specific ferrous alloy may be hardened by the formation of martensite upon quenching
53
How does alloying and carbon content affect hardenability
Alloying normally improves hardenability Lower the carbon content the poorer the hardenability
54
Machinability
Determined by different aspects related to the cutting performance among which, tool life, cutting speed, power consumption, quantity of surface finish
55
Tool steels
High C steels with the addition of carbide forming elements Commonly used for manufacturing tools used in cutting, forming and shaping operations Must be resistant to softening at high temps Resistant to wear Toughness to absorb shock loading
56
What are the 3 main categories of stainless steels
Martensitic Ferritic Austenitic

ENGEN 112 (7 decks)

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