Engelfriet (2019)

Question 1

AI Act

Answer 1

seeks to regulate AI from the perspective of enforcing each of the components of the Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI, and does it on a risk-based perspective. it ties compliance requirements to risk management or bans activities that present specific risks to humans.

Question 2

AI definition (OECD 2019)

Answer 2

a machine-based system that is designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, generate outputs such as predictions, recommendations, or decisions that influence physical or virtual environments. the autonomy underlines the risk-based approach of the AI Act.

Question 3

risks to humanity

Answer 3

refers to health, safety, fundamental rights, democracy, and rule of law and the environment.

Question 4

unacceptable risk AI

Answer 4

threatens basic human values or dignity so it cannot be put on the European market.

Question 5

high risk AI

Answer 5

this category of AI poses significant risks, but its benefits may outweigh those where sufficient precautions are taken. compliance work under the AI Act relates to this system.

Question 6

low risk AI

Answer 6

AI systems that do not meet the high-risk category is deemed “low-risk” and only faces minimal requirements.

Question 7

“regulatory sandbox”

Answer 7

the purpose of which is to foster AI innovation by establishing a controlled experimentation and testing environment in the development and pre-marketing phase with a view to ensure compliance of the innovative AI systems with the AI Act and other legislations.

Question 8

Brussels effect

Answer 8

as one of the largest and most integrated economies in the world, the EU’s stringent regulations often set the standard for global norms. this may also be the case with the AI Act.

Question 9

provider

Answer 9

a provider of AI systems creates and/or releases an AI under its own brand. under the AI Act, any provider established in the EU is subject to its regulations.

Question 10

deployer

Answer 10

brings an AI system to the market. he may need an importer or other distributors to get the AI system to its market.

Question 11

Conformité Européenne (CE) logo

Answer 11

an AI system can only be brought into the market if it has the CE logo. it is a 1992 EU standard for certification that a system meets European regulatory standards. it also means that a product that carries defects despite bearing the logo is considered noncompliant and its producer is subject to civil claims for damages from purchases.