ENG 2310 Midterm Flashcards
Mary Rowlandson’s home where she was taken captive
Lancaster, MA
Wrote the preface to Rowlandson’s captivity narrative;
son, Cotton Mather also publishe captivity narratives (Hannah Dustan)
Increase Mather
launched the American Captivity Narrative genre
Mary Rowlandson
Typology
interpreting types and symbols, especially from Scripture;
Rowlandson applied the situations of biblical characters to her own predicament
genre of American literature that developed into the western genre
Captivity Narrative
Foods mentioned in Mary Rowlandson
bear, venison, skunk, wild birds, English farm animals, nuts, etc.
Abundance of Scriptures
lot’s of scripture in Mary Rowlandson
Sarah Rowlandson
Rowlandson’s 6 year old daughter who was shot during the attack and then died early in the narrative
Characteristics of Captivity Narrative
someone is taken captive, strange others (foods, culture, manners), violence, lessons learned, details about being freed, stereotypes challenged, shock value, sometimes used for propaganda
“On the tenth of February 1675, came the Indians with great numbers upon Lancaster…” (132).
Mary Rowlandson
“At length they came and beset our own house, and quickly it was the dolefulest day that ever mine eyes saw” (133).
Mary Rowlandson
- “About two hours in the night, my sweet babe like a lamb departed this life on Feb. 18, 1675. It was nine days from the first wounding, in this miserable condition, without any refreshing of one nature or other, except a little cold water. I cannot but take notice how at another time I could not bear to be in the room where any dead person was, but now the case is changed; I must and could lie down by my dead babe, side by side all the night after. I have thought since of the wonderful goodness of God to me in preserving me in the use of my reason and senses in that distressed time, that I did not use wicked and violent means to end my own miserable life…” (137).
Mary Rowlandson - daughter’s death
“The thoughts of these things in the particulars of them, and of the love and goodness of God towards us, make it true of me, what David said of himself, ‘I watered my Couth with my tears’ (Psalm 6.6). Oh! The wonderful power of God that mine eyes have seen, affording matter enough for my thoughts to run in, that when others are sleeping mine eyes are weeping” (151).
Mary Rowlandson
one of the witnesses for Wheatley’s “trial
John Hancock
slave ship that brought Phillis Wheatley to America
The Phillis
George Whitefield
famous intinerant preacher; Wheatley’s elegy about him made her famous
Wheatley sent her poem “To His Excellency General Washington” to Washington, and he invited her to meet him
George Washington (Wheatley)
University of Cambridge (now Harvard)
Wheatley addresses these students in her poem, “ To the University of Cambridge in New England”
“Hail happy Saint on thy immortal throne!/To thee complaints of grievance are unknown;”
Wheatley
“Celestial choir! Enthroned in realms of light, Columbia’s scenes of glorious toils I write.”
Wheatley
‘TWAS mercy brought me from my Pagan land, Taught my benighted soul to understand That there’s a God, that there’s a Saviour too: Once I redemption neither sought nor knew. Some view our sable race with scornful eye, “Their colour is a diabolic die.” Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain, May be refin’d, and join the’ angelic train.
Wheatley
Phillis Wheatley had to stand trial to prove that she had written her poems, and she proved herself to the examiners. Oddly enough, Wheatley’s poems are still criticized today. Why?
she was too soft on slavery
Why is it ironic that Phillis Wheatley praises both George Washington and George Whitefield?
they were both slave owners
“I was Born a Heathen and Brought up In Heathenism, till I was between 16 & 17 years of age, at a Plavce Calld Mohegan, in New London, Connecticut, in New England” (287).
Occom
“I met with advers Providence, I bought a Mare, had it but a little while, and she fell into the Quick Sand and Died, After a while Bought another, I kept her about half year, and she was gone, and I never have heard of nor Seen her from that Day to this; it was Supposed Some Rogue Stole her” (291).
Occom
“I Can’t help that God has made me So; I did not make my self so” (292).
Occom
Mohegan - “Born in a wigwam on Mohegan land near New London, CT”
Occom
- started schools
- studied herbal medicine
Occom
- composed hymns
- wrote petitions on behalf of natives to the government
Occom
- 1751 married Mary Fowler, a former student
- had ten children
Occom
- ordained minister in the Presbyterian Church
- Connections to Phillis Wheatley and George Whitefield
Occom
- Countess of Huntington = patroness
- Dartmouth houses archives on…
Occom
What audiences does Occom address in his narrative?
white men/readership
How does Occom teach his students to read?
blocks and running relays
his captivity narrative helped put an end to the slave trade in England
Olaudah Equiano
Equiano claims he is from this “charming, fruitful vale”
Essaka
Equiano was first enslaved by Africans, but he points out one key difference between African slavery and European slavery? What’s the difference?
level of violence
Equiano visited places such as Jamaica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Rome, and Turkey, but he never returned to visit…
Africa
“This produced copious perspirations, so that the air soon became unfit for respiration, from a variety of loathsome smells, and brought on a sickness among the slaves, of which many died- thus falling victims to the improvident avarice, as I may call it, of their purchasers. This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, now become insupportable, and the filth of the necessary tubs, into which the children often fell…”
Equiano - gruesome part of slave trade
“I have already acquainted the reader with the time and place of my birth. My father, besides many slaves, had a numerous family, of which seven lived to grow up, including myself and a sister, who was the only daughter. As I was the youngest of the sons, I became, of course, the greatest favorite with my mother, and was always with her; and she used to take particular pains to form my mind. I was trained up from my earliest years in the art of war: my daily exercise was shooting and thowing javelins; and my mother adorned me with emblems, after the manner of our greatest warriors. In this way I grew up till I was turned the age of eleven, when an end was put to my happinesss in the following manner…”
Equiano - controversy of his birth
How was Olaudah Equiano freed?
he paid for his own freedom
Salem, MA
Setting for many Hawthorne stories; Hawthorne was born in Salem; did significant research here; a descendant of a judge from the Salem Witch trials of 1692
Sophia Peabody
Transcendentalists painter; Nathaniel Hawthorne’s wife
Transcendentalists in Concord
Emerson and Thoreau
Allegory
a narrative in which characters, places, things, and events represent general qualities and their interactions are meant to reveal a general or abstract truth
Young Goodman Brown, Faith Brown, Mr. Hooper, Elizabeth
characters in Hawthorne
“At that instant, catching a glimpse of his figure in the looking-glass, the black veil involved his own spirit in the horror with which it overwhelmed all others. His frame shuddered—his lips grew white—he spilt the untasted wine upon the carpet—and rushed forth into the darkness. For the Earth, too, had on her Black Veil” (689).
Hawthorne
” ‘When the friend shows his inmost heart to his friend; the lover to his best-beloved; when man does not vainly shrink from the eye of his Creator, loathsomely treasuring up the secret of his sin; then deem me a monster, for the symbol beneath which I have lived, and die! I look around me, and lo! on every visage a black veil!’ “ (694)
Hawthorne
“The grass of many years has sprung up and withered on that grave, the burial-stone is mossgrown, and good Mr. Hooper’s face is dust; but awful is still the thought, that it mouldered beneath the black veil!” (694).
Hawthorne
” ‘My Faith is gone!’ cried he, after one stupefied moment. ‘There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! for to thee is this world given’ “ (674).
Hawthorne - double faith meaning
” ‘When the friend shows his inmost heart to his friend; the lover to his best-beloved; when man does not vainly shrink from the eye of his Creator, loathsomely treasuring up the secret of his sin; then deem me a monster, for the symbol beneath which I have lived, and die! I look around me, and lo! on every visage a black veil!’ “ (694).
Hawthorne
“Often, awakening suddenly at midnight, he shrank from the bosom of Faith, and at morning or eventide, when the family knelt down at prayer, he scowled, and muttered to himself, and gazed sternly at his wife, and turned away. And when he had lived long, and was borne to his grave, a hoary corpse, followed by [his wife], an aged woman, and children and grand-children, a goodly procession, besides neighbors, not a few, they carved no hopeful verse upon his tomb-stone; for his dying hour was gloom” (677).
Hawthorne
“Young Goodman Brown” was published in 1835, “The Minister’s Black Veil” was published in 1836, and The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850. Therefore, the short story we read was published _________________ his famous novel.
before
How might “The Minister’s Black Veil” especially speak to readers today?
COVID/wearing masks
Salem is a shortened version of what word?
Jerusalem
Which famous Americans were college classmates of Hawthorne’s?
Longfellow and Pierce
What did you learn about author societies when we talked about the Nathaniel Hawthorne society?
they were robbed
Ministers from the ______________ family keep making appearances in our discussions. Increase Mather wrote the preface to Mary Rowlandson’s narrative. His son, Cotton Mather, published prolifically in early America. He wrote and published Hannah Dustin’s captivity narrative, and he’s often noted for having witnessed and published about the Salem Witch Trials. Certainly, Nathaniel Hawthorne read his reports. As you may recall, Cotton Mather’s son was at Phillis Wheatley’s “poetry trial.”
Mather
Hawthorne’s most famous novel is ___________________________________________, a story about Hester Prynne, a Puritan woman forced to wear the scarlet letter A as a punishment for
the Scarlett Letter; adultery
- Katrina Van Tassel
- Dame Van Tassel
- Ichabod Crane
- Cotton Mather
- Brom Bones
- Rip Van Winkle
- Dame Van Winkle
-Judith Gardiner - Rip Junior
- Diedrich Knickerbocker
- George Washington
- American Revolution
- Dutch
- Matilda Hoffman
- New York
- England
- Spain
Key Terms, Places, and People in Washington Irving’s life/stories
“He recognized on the sign, however, the ruby face of King George, under which he had smoked so many a peaceful pipe; but even this was singularly metamorphosed. The red coat was changed for one of blue and buff, a sword was held in the hand instead of a sceptre, the head was decorated with a cocked hat, and underneath was painted in large characters, GEORGE WASHINGTON.”
Irving
“Brom Bones too, who shortly after his rival’s disappearance conducted the blooming Katrina in triumph to the altar, was observed to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related, and always burst into a hearty laugh at the mention of the pumpkin, which led some to suspect that he knew more about the matter than he chose to tell.”
Irving
What connections exist between George Washington and Washington Irving?
- Washington Irving was named after George Washington.
- In “Rip Van Winkle,” the image of King George is replaced with George Washington.
- As a boy, Washington Irving met George Washington in New York City.
- Irving wrote a five-volume biography about George Washington.
Washington Irving is considered the…
Father of American Literature
Why did Irving call his collection of stories “The Sketch Book”?
his goal was to draw/paint pictures with words; “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” are included
What are Washington Irving’s two most famous stories?
“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle”
Other than the sketch book, what other book did Irving write?
the biography of George Washington
Why do you think “Rip Van Winkle” is often considered a children’s story?
mystical and fairytale like writing
Why do you think many Americans now view “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” as a tale of horror?
because of its gothic and mystical writing
Explain something you learned about Washington Irving’s love life?
He dies single. His fiance was Matilda Hoffman, Mary Shelley had a crush on him.
What is the significance of Baltimore and Edgar Allan Poe?
that was the city he died in
- “During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country; and at the melancholy House of Usher. I know not how it was—but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit” (749).
Poe
“From that chamber, and from that mansion, I fled aghast. The storm was still abroad in all its wrath as I found myself crossing the old causeway. Suddenly there shot along the path a wild light, and I turned to see whence a gleam so unusual could have issued—for the vast house and its shadows were alone behind me. The radiance was that of the full, setting, and blood-red moon, which now shone vividly through that once barely-discernible fissure…there was a long tumultuous shouting sound like the voice of a thousand waters—and the deep and dank tarn at my feet closed sullenly and silently over the fragments of the ‘House of Usher’ “ (762).
Poe
What happened to Poe at age 2?
he was orphaned
How many novels did Poe publish?
1
Poe invented what genre of story?
detective
In 2009, the city of Baltimore hosted what to commemorate Poe’s birth/death?
a funeral
Horace Walpole’s Castle of Otronto (1764) begins the Gothic tradition. List some characteristics of a Gothic tale that we see in “The Fall of the House of Usher.”
woman/weak person in distress (victim), supernatural events, architecture for imprisonment, darkness, gloomy, evil villain, omens/prophecies, terror due to violence/horror, suspense, mystery that must be solved by a hero/heroine
Explain what we know about Poe’s death.
he was found on the street, taken to the hospital, and died shortly after in Baltimore
What was Mark Twains birth name?
Samuel Langhorne Clemens
What was Mark Twains profession?
steamboat pilot
“He give Smiley a look, as much as to say his heart was broke, and it was his fault, for putting up a dog that hadn’t no hind legs for him to take holt of, which was his main dependence in a fight, and then he limped off a piece and laid down and died.”
Twain - how does Andrew Jackson, the dog, die
“I ain’t got no frog.”
Twain
Children have been banned from reading Huckleberry Finn because of its racial language and because Huck has been considered a bad…
influence on boys and children
During what time did a half-million people migrate to California in search of gold?
The Gold Rush
Late in life, Twain began wearing a white…
suit
“The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” is set where?
Out west in a mining town
The frog story has two publication dates; 1865 for _________________ and 1867 for __________________________________________________.
1865 - short story
1867 - collection of short stories
Mark Twain’s job as a steamboat pilot came to an end because___________.
Civil War
“When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: ‘free, free, free!’ “
Chopin
“Then a strange, an awful change in her husband’s manner, which she dared not ask him to explain. When he spoke to her, it was with averted eyes, from which the old love-light seemed to have gone out. He absented himself from home; and when there, avoided her presence and that of her child, without excuse. And the very spirit of Satan seemed suddenly to take hold of him in his dealings with the slaves.”
Chopin
“Oh! she remembered; for in Assumption had had kissed her and kissed and kissed her; until his senses would well nigh fail, and to save her he would resort to a desperate flight. If she was not an immaculate dove in those days, she was still inviolate; a passionate creature whose very defenselessness had made her defense, against which his honor forbade him to prevail. Now– well, now–her lips seemed in a manner free to be tasted…”
Chopin
“So the storm passed and every one was happy.”
Chopin
. Which controversial Kate Chopin story was not published until after her death?
“The Storm”
Chopin’s most famous novel, The Awakening is about…
a woman’s sexual awakening
Kate Chopin was considered a regionalist. Give one example of local color from her writing.
Use of French Creole/Louisiana culture in her settings, language, and characters.
Define irony and an example in Chopin’s writing.
Irony is when something is expected and something very different happens. In Chopin, we see this in Desiree’s Baby when Desiree walks into the bayou with the baby and dies.
Kate Chopin’s father died in a…
railroad disaster
Who had an ancestor who was a judge during the Salem Witch Trials?
Hawthorne
How many novels did Poe write?
1
Which of our authors visited Baylor’s campus in the last ten years?
Sandra Cisneros
Identify ambiguous stereotypes in Toni Morrison’s “Recitatif”
food, occupations, hair, music, Maggie
Who is Maggie?
character in “Recitatif,” bow legged, ambiguous race, was knocked over and made fun of
What is the significance of Jimi Hendrix in Morrison’s story?
stereotyping
What is an example of an allegory?
Young Goodman Brown - “faith”
Who is considered the Father of American Literature?
Washington Irvng
What did you learn from the Toni Morrison documentary trailer?
Chloe is her name; had a different perspective/outlook, did not care about white men’s opinion on her writing
How are gender roles challenged in Hemingway?
Brett
What are examples of the American Dream?
hope, expectations, pursuit, disappointment, accomplishment
What was the first novel published by a Chinese-American author?
Frontiers of Love (1956) by Diana Chang
Which of our authors have taught in Texas?
Toni Morrison and Sandra Cisneros
Dark Fiesta- author?
Oscar Peneranda
Dark Fiesta- beginning and end?
Beginning - Amador coming home from “school” (hanging out with Totoy) and being caught by his mother
End - Amador seeing his dad and teacher, rotting apple, running away from the scene
From America is in the Heart- author?
Carlos Bulosan
From America is in the Heart- beginning and end?
Beginning - talking about living situation in Pismo Beach and gambling
End - “They can’t silence me anymore! I’ll tell the world what they have done to me!”
From The Frontiers of Love- author?
Diana Chang
From The Frontiers of Love- beginning and end?
Beginning - Sylvia being asked to diffuse an argument between her mother and father by her father
End - Sylvia daydreaming of the Chinese landscape in her bedroom
From Eat a Bowl of Tea- author?
Louis Chu
From Eat a Bowl of Tea- beginning and end?
Beginning - men’s mahjong club
End - a wife after her husband rejects her intimacy
Yoneko’s Earthquake- author?
Hisaye Yamamoto
Yoneko’s Earthquake- beginning and end?
Beginning - “Yoneko Hosoume became a free-thinker on the night of March 10, 1933, only a few months after his first actual recognition of God.”
End - “Oh that,” said Yoneko quickly, “I don’t believe in that, I don’t believe in God.”
And the Soul Shall Dance- author?
Wakako Yamauchi
And the Soul Shall Dance- beginning and end?
Beginning - “It’s all right to talk about it now. Most of the prinicpals are dead.”
End - “We never heard from them or saw them again and I suppose in a large city, Mr. Oka found some sort of work, perhaps as a janitor or a dishwasher and Kiyoko-san grew up and found someone to marry.”
- born in Lorain, Ohio
- won a Pulitzer Prize for Beloved (1987)
- Texas Southern University
- Recitatif
Toni Morrison
“Almost all were real orphans with beautiful dead parents in the sky. We were the only ones dumped and the only one’s with F’s in three classes including gym. So we got along what with her leaving whole pieces of things on her plate and being nice about not asking questions.” (1431)
Toni Morrison
“My signs got crazier each day, and the women on my side decided that I was a kook. Theycouldn’t make heads or tails out of my brilliant screaming posters” (1440)
Toni Morrison
“A black girl and a white girl meeting in a Howard Johnson’s on the road and having nothing to say. One in a blue and white triangle waitress hat—the other on her way to see Hendrix. Now we were behaving like sisters separated for much too long” (1436).
Toni Morrison
“Mary, simple-minded as ever, grinned and tried to yank her hand out of the pocket with theraggedy lining—to shake hands, I guess. Roberta’s mother looked down at me and then lookeddown at Mary too. She didn’t say anything, just grabbed Roberta with her Bible-free hand andstepped out of line, walking quickly to the rear of it. Mary was still grinning because she’s nottoo swift when it comes to what’s really going on. Then this light bulb goes off in her head…“(1432).
Toni Morrison
Love (2003), with its murder, arson, pedophilia, and several rapes…is a reminder of how______________________ Morrison’s fiction can be” (1428)
graphic
“Somehow it was taken for granted that an American could not have aficion.”
Hemingway
“Why I felt that impulse to devil him I do not know. Of course I do know. I was blind, unforgivinglyjealous of what had happened to him” (105).
Hemingway
“‘Yes,’ I said. ‘Isn’t it pretty to think so?’”
Hemingway
” ‘You’re an expatriate. You’ve lost touch with the soil. You get precious. Fake European standards haveruined you. You drink yourself to death. You become obsessed by sex. You spend all of your time talking, notworking. You are an expatriate, see? You hang around cafés.’ “
Hemingway
“COULD YOU COME HOTEL MONTANAMADRID AM RATHER IN TROUBLE…”
Hemingway
“I went to church a couple of times, once with Brett. She said she wanted to hear me go to confession, but Itold her that not only was it impossible but it was not as interesting as it sounded, and, besides, it would be ina language she did not know” (154).
Hemingway
“We could not make our way through but had to be moved with the whole thing, slowly, as a glacier, back to town.”
Hemingway
“Probably I never would have had any trouble if I hadn’t run into Brett when they shipped me to England. Isuppose she only wanted what she couldn’t have. Well, people were that way. To hell with people. TheCatholic Church had an awfully good way of handling all that. Good advice, anyway. Not to think about it.Oh, it was swell advice. Try and take it sometime. Try and take it.”
Hemingway
Though he published a collection of short stories in 1925 , and published many other novels,The Sun Also Rises (1926) is Hemingway’s first ____________________.
novel
T/F Hemingway won both a Nobel Prize and Pulitizer Prize for his writing.
True
What illness does Jake have?
impotence
How does Hemingway alert the reader to the Ecclesiastes connections to the novel?
connection in “The Sun Rises” from Ecclesiastes 1:5; “one generation passeth away, and another generation cometh; but the Earth abideth forever…The sun also ariseth, and the syn goeth down, and hasteth to the place where he arose…”
“What Cleófilas has been waiting for, has been whispering and sighing and giggling for, has been anticipating since she was old enough to lean against the window displays of gauze and butterflies and lace, is _____________…The kind the books and songs and telenovelas describe when one finds, finally, the great love of one’s life, and does whatever one can, must do, at whatever the cost.”
romance/love
