ENG 211 - Ch 9

Question 1

psycholinguistics

Answer 1

the study of how the human mind processes language in the perception, production, storage, and acquisition of language

Question 2

neurolinguistics

Answer 2

the study of the neutral and electrochemical bases of language development and use

Question 3

left hemisphere

Answer 3

the left side of the brain; the locatio of many language-controlling parts of the brain for most people; receives and controls nerve input form the right half of the body

Question 4

temporal lobe

Answer 4

area in the brain associated with the perception and recognition of auditory stimuli

Question 5

frontal lobe

Answer 5

area of the brain concerned with higher thinking and language production

Question 6

parietal lobe

Answer 6

area of the brain that is least involved in language perception and production

Question 7

corpus callosum

Answer 7

bundle of nerve fibers in the brain that is the major connection between the two hemispheres; partially served in split-brain patients

Question 8

cortex

Answer 8

outer surface of the brain responsible for many of the brain’s cognitive abilities or functions

Question 9

language centers

Answer 9

parts of the cortex of the brain that are used in the production and comprehension of language

Question 10

gyrus

Answer 10

protrusion in the cortex of the brain’s hemispheres that serves as a physical landmark for the identification of different sections of the brain

Question 11

fissures

Answer 11

depression in the cortex of the brain’s hemispheres that serves as a physical boundary for the indentification of different sections of the brain

Question 12

Sylvian Fissure

Answer 12

a large horizontal fold located in the middle of each hemisphere of the brain that spearates the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe of the brain

Question 13

auditory cortex

Answer 13

language center of the brain located in the STG next to the Sylvian fissure; responsible for receiving and identifying auditory signals and converting them into a form interpretable by other language centers of the brain

Question 14

superior temporal gyrus (STG)

Answer 14

upper portion of the temporal lobe; the left STG is involved in sound processing and mapping physical sounds to linguistic phones

Question 15

middle temporal gyri (MTG)

Answer 15

middle portion of the temporal lobe; the left MTG is involved in processing word meaning

Question 16

Sylvian parietotemporal area (SPT)

Answer 16

brain regioni at the juncture of the parietal and temporal lobes; the left SPT is involved in converting phonological representations into motor representations

Question 17

dichotic listening task

Answer 17

experiment that presents two different sounds (speech and/or non-speech) simultaneously, one in each ear. participants indicate which sound they have heard.

Question 18

split-brain patients

Answer 18

individual whose corpus callosum has been surgically disconnected (a procedure once commonly used in the treatment of severe epilepsy)

Question 19

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 19

inability to plan the motor sequences used in speech or sign owing to damage to the inferior frontal gyrus

Question 20

hemispherectomy

Answer 20

an operation in which one hemisphere or part of one hemisphere is surgically removed from the brain

Question 21

circumlocations

Answer 21

descriptions of a word’s meaning, used when a speaker is unable to name the intended word

Question 22

conduction aphasia

Answer 22

type of aphasia thought to be caused by damage in the superior temporal gyrus (STG). patients are able to comprehend the speech of others, but make characteristic phonological errors in their own speech, especially when treying to repeat back the speech of others.

Question 23

alexia

Answer 23

language disorder caused by damange to the angular gyrus; characterized by an acquired inability to read and comprehent written words. often accompanied by agraphia

Question 24

developmental dyslexia

Answer 24

a type of learning disability that makes it difficult for people to learn to read fluently; dyslexia is NOT a sign of decreased intelligence

Question 25

affective facial expressions

Answer 25

Facial expression that conveys an emotion such as sadness, happiness, anger, fear, surprise and so on

Question 26

linguistic facial expressions

Answer 26

also called non-manual marker - any gesture(s), such as facial expressions or head movements, made during a sign that are not made w/ the hands; one of the parameters of visual-gestural languages

Question 27

specific language impairment (SLI)

Answer 27

A disorder that affects the way people process language and other quickly changing stimuli

Question 28

Williams syndrome

Answer 28

A disorder due to deletion of genes on chromosome 7 that substantially impairs cognitive function but has been argued to leave language procesing relatively intact

Question 29

agrapia

Answer 29

language disorder caused by damage to the angular gyrus; characterized by an acquired inability to write words. often accompanied by alexia.

Question 30

agrapia

Answer 30

language disorder caused by damage to the angular gyrus; characterized by an acquired inability to write words. often accompanied by alexia.

Question 31

right hemisphere

Answer 31

the right half of the brain, which is in charge of processing music, perceiving non-linguistic sounds, and performing tasks that require visual and spatial skills or pattern recognition; receives and controls nerve input from the left half of the body