ENG 211 - Ch 4

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

bound morpheme that attaches to a stem

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

a type of synthetic language in which the relationoships between words in a sentence are indicated primarily by bound morphemes. In agglutinating languages, morphemes are joined together loosely so that it is easy to determine where the boundaries betweem morphemes are

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

one of a set of nondistinctive realizations or a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

the morphological process that uses morpheme-internal modifications to make new words or morphological distinctions

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression. the form that is shared by more than one expression is said to be ambiguous.

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

type of language in whihc most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes. grammatical relationships are often indicated by word order. examples are Chinese and Vietnamese. (also known as isolating language)

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

morpheme that always attaches to other morphemes, never existing as a word itself

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

morpheme that ha some associated basic meaning but that is unable to stand alone as a word in its own right

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

in which the members are fairly rigidly established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

process of forming words by combining two or more independent words

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

a lexical category that consists of function words such as and, but, however, etc.

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

morpheme that carries semantic content (as opposed to merely performing a grammatical function)

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

a word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs. all free content morphemes are content words.

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

a morphological process that change’s a word’s lexical category or its meaning in some predictable way

Question 16

determiner

Answer 16

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc. Syntactically, consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun to their right result in an expression of category noun phrase

Question 17

form

Answer 17

the structure or shape of any particular linguistic item, form individual segments to strings of words

Question 18

free morpheme

Answer 18

a morpheme that can stand alone as a word

Question 19

function word

Answer 19

a word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase

Question 20

fusional language

Answer 20

a type of synthetic language in which the relationships between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate from the stem

Question 21

hierarchical structure

Answer 21

the dominance relationship among morphemes in a word or among constituents in a phrase

Question 22

homophony

Answer 22

the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form, i.e., sound the same

Question 23

incorporation

Answer 23

morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language

Question 24

infix

Answer 24

a type or bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem

Question 25

inflection

Answer 25

a morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information, such as person, number, tense, gender, etc.

Question 26

input

Answer 26

the linguistic form before the application of a rule or a set of rules

Question 27

lexical category

Answer 27

class of words grouped together based on morphological properties. traditionally known as part of speech.

Question 28

lexicon

Answer 28

a mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form and meaning and their morphological and syntactic properties

Question 29

morpheme

Answer 29

smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

the study of how words are constructed out of morphemes

Question 31

open lexical category

Answer 31

lexical category into which new members are often introduced

Question 32

output

Answer 32

the linguistic form botained after an application of a rule or a set of rules

Question 33

partial reduplication

Answer 33

morphological reduplication in which only part of a morpheme is reduplicated

Question 34

polysynthetic language

Answer 34

a type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships

Question 35

prefix

Answer 35

affix that attaches to the beginning of a stem

Question 36

preposition

Answer 36

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with, etc. Syntactically, this category consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noung phrase to their right result in an expression of category prepositional phrase

Question 37

productive

Answer 37

describes a morpheme or rule (such as a morphological rule stating under what circumstances an affix may be added to a stem) that can be used to produce novel grammatical forms

Question 38

pronoun

Answer 38

the name of a lexical category that consists of words such as I, she, us, etc. Syntactically, pronounds belong to the category noun phrase.

Question 39

reduplicant

Answer 39

the morpheme or part of a morpheme that is repeated in reduplication

Question 40

reduplication

Answer 40

process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word (total reduplication) or part of a word (partial reduplication)

Question 41

root

Answer 41

the free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to the word, and to which affixes can attach

Question 42

simultaneous affix

Answer 42

an affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem; exists only in visual-gestural languages

Question 43

stem

Answer 43

the base, consisting of one or more morphemes, to which some affix is added. the stem always includes the root and may also include one or more affixes

Question 44

suffix

Answer 44

affix that attaches to the end of a stem

Question 45

suppletion

Answer 45

a morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other