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Science > Energy, Waves, Light And Sound > Flashcards

Energy, Waves, Light And Sound Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The two types of waves

A

Transverse(light) and longitudinal(sound)

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2
Q

Sound and light are…

A

Forms of energy

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3
Q

Difference between transverse and longitudinal waves

A

Transverse waves- (light waves) Doesn’t need a medium Can travel through space or a vacuum Longitudinal/compression- (sound waves) Needs a medium, so we cannot hear any sound in space

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4
Q

Wavelength definition

A

The distance from one wave to another

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5
Q

Amplitude definition

A

The distance of the wave measure from the line of origin to the top of the wave (measures the compression and rarefaction of a wave) Loudness

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6
Q

Frequency definition

A

The amount of vibrations per second (pitch) Measured in hertz frequency= wave speed / wave length

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7
Q

Time period

A

the time needed for one complete cycle of vibration to pass a given point

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8
Q

Wave equation

A

V (speed) = frequency X wavelength

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9
Q

Sound is caused by…

A

Vibrations

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10
Q

Sound needs a …

A

Medium

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11
Q

Light does not need a …

A

Medium

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12
Q

Sound travels at a different speed in…

A

Different media

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13
Q

Sounds above 20 000Hz is…

A

Ultrasonic waves Humans can only hear up to 20 000Hz Dogs can hear higher than 20 000Hz

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14
Q

Echolocation

A

The hearing of sound using vibrations Sonar Ultrasound Dolphins and bats use echolocation

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15
Q

Decibel

A

Measure of sound level

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16
Q

Main parts of the ear

A

Auricle, ear canal, hammer, anvil, stirrup, oval window, semicircular canals, cochlea, Eustachian tube(to brain) auditory nerve(to brain)

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17
Q

Function of the main parts of the ear

A

Insert picture here

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18
Q

Light

A

Visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum 300 000km/s in a vacuum

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19
Q

Order of the electromagnetic spectrum

A

Radio waves, infra red waves, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma

20
Q

What do Waves do?

A

Waves transfer energy from one place to another

21
Q

Light travels in

A

Straight lines and can be represented by a ray

22
Q

Difference between luminous and non luminous objects

A

Luminous- produce light eg) sun, light globes, glow worms Non luminous- don’t product light eg) bricks, wood

23
Q

Transparent definition

A

Light waves pass through the material so you can see through it Eg) glass All light rays travel parallel to each other

24
Q

Translucent

A

Light waves pass through the material but you can’t clearly see through it eg) frosted glass, tissue paper Light waves are all mixed up but still pass though

25
Q

Opaque

A

Light waves don’t pass through the material and you cannot see through it eg) bricks, wood Light rays are reflected back from the surface

26
Q

Difference between regular and diffuse reflection

A

Insert image here

27
Q

Difference between a plane mirror, concave and convex mirror

A
28
Q

Uses of plane and curved mirrors

A

Plane- mirror for looking into everyday use or to reflect off Concave- (enlarge image) dentists , car headlights, shaving mirrors Convex- (small image) streetlight reflectors, car rear view mirrors

29
Q

Direction that light bends or refracts as it enters and leaves a medium more dense than air/water

A

Light bends away from the normal when entering a substance of lower refractive index (Away-lower) Light bends toward the normal when entering a substance higher refractive index (Towards-higher) Light bends TOWARDS the normal when going from less dense medium to more dense medium Light bends AWAY from the normal when going from more dense medium to less dense medium

30
Q

Why light bends or refracts in the direction that it does

A

Light travels at different speeds through different substances, the difference in its speed result in different amounts of bending, or refraction, when light travels through a substance to another.

31
Q

Reflection and Refraction

A

Reflection- Light bounces off the surface of a substance Refraction Change in the speed of light as light passes from one substance to another. It usually involves a change in direction

32
Q

White light is made up of…

A

7 colours of the visible spectrum Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

33
Q

A prism can be used to split white light into (the spectrum) seven colours called…

A

Dispersion

34
Q

How light passes through concave and convex lenses

A
35
Q

Biconvex lens is also called converging lens and biconcave lenses are also called diverging lenses

A

IPH

36
Q

Real image vs virtual image

A

Real Image- An image that is found when light rays cross and can be captured on screen Virtual Image- An image that does not actually have light rays pass through it and is formed by extending the reflected light until they cross/converge

37
Q

Main parts of the eye

A
38
Q

Function of the eye

A

Pupil- regulates the amount of light that enters the eye Iris- does the same thing as pupil(works conjunction) Sphincter Muscle- Makes the pupil smaller which stops light from entering the eye. Works with the Dilator Muscle to help your eye focus Dilator Muscle- Enlarges the pupil to allow more light to enter the eye. Works with the Sphincter Muscle to help your eye focus Vitreous Humour-The clear fluid between the lens and the retina Eye Muscles- Enables the eye to rotate in its socket Optic Nerve-Carries electrical signal from the retina to the brain Cone Cells-More concentrated in the Forea Centralis, it is a one of the two types of photoreceptors and detects colour. Forea Centralis-Responsible for sharp vision Rod Cells-A photoreceptor in the eye that detects the intensity of light Sclera-white part that is rough and protects the eye Choroid-Rich blood supply that nourishes the retina Conjunctiva A membrane that covers the sclera Ciliary Body-Connects to the lens and muscles within changes the shape of the lens. Also produces the watery fluid called Aqueous Humour Lens A-flexible structure that enables light to be focused in the retina Cornea Bends light into the lens and lies in front of the iris. It is clear Aqueous Humour-clear, watery fluid produced by the Ciliary Body to lubricate lens and cornea

39
Q

The image we see of the world is…

A

Upside down

40
Q

long and shortsidedness

A

Shortsighted-The inability to focus on distant objects. The eyeball is too long or the lens bends the light too much. Myopia Longsighted- The inability to focus on close objects. The eyeball is too short or the lens fails to bend light. Hypermetropia

41
Q

How lenses can be used to correct Long and shortsidedness

A

Biconcave Lens Type of lens used to correct Shortsightedness Biconvex Lens Type of lens used to correct Longsightedness

42
Q

Total internal reflection can be used in…

A

Optical fibres and endoscopes

43
Q

Lens accommodation

A

The accommodation reflex is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at distant object comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape and pupil size. IPH

44
Q

Colours reflected

A
45
Q

Total internal reflection TIR

A

Total Internal Reflection When light approaches a less dense medium and the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle

45
Q

Law of reflection, angle of incidence and angle of refraction, focal point, lateral inversion, normal, critical angle

A

Law of Reflection- When light is reflected from a smooth, flat surface, it bounces away from the surface at the same angle from which it came. The angle of incidence is equal to the angel of reflection Focal Point The focus for a beam of light rays Lateral Inversion Reversed sideways Normal-a line drawn perpendicular to a surface at the point where a light ray meets it Critical Angle-The largest angle of incidence for which Refraction can still occur

Science (4 decks)

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