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Energy Waste Flashcards

1
Q

How much money is spent on industry per year in the uk?

A

£12.7 million

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2
Q

How much of that money spent on industry is wasted on office devices being left on?

A

£8.66 million

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3
Q

How much money spent on fuel is being wasted by the uk steel industry ?

A

£1 out of every £12 spent on fuel is wasted by the Uk steel industry as it’s the 4th largest industry in Europe and uses more energy to produce a tonne of steel than any other steel industry in Europe.

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4
Q

Solutions:

What did the BRE find out?

A

The BRE find out that the service sector could make a 19% saving on its yearly expenditure of £1.6 billion on energy bills.

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5
Q

What happened on the 7th of April 2008?

A

E-day. A day in which the government made people think about their energy usage and switch off at least one light bulb that was not needed etc.

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6
Q

Many councils are now choosing CHP systems as community power schemes. What are CHPs?

A

A CHP is a combined heat and power system which recovers the heat which lost through the production of electricity and distributes it as hot water to heat houses etc.

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7
Q

What are the advantages of CHP power schemes?

A

90% efficient

Can be replaced with biofuels

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8
Q

How many councils is British Gas working with to improve energy efficiency?

A

16 councils including Reading borough council

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9
Q

What do the households in the areas that British Gas are working with receive if they implement energy measures such as loft insulation?

A

£100 off their council tax bill

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10
Q

What have Berkshire county council done in Green park to reduce the amount of energy needed from fossil fuels?

A

They have implemented a turbine in Green Park in Reading which has been providing energy since 2005 for 1500 homes and businesses.

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11
Q

What is Woking doing to reduce energy wastage?

A
  • CHP scheme power 6 buildings
  • excess energy is used to power sheltered housing
  • excess energy is used for public facilities e.g. Vyne community centre
  • 770 dwellings will benefit from surplus energy
  • street lights and signs have photovoltaic cells
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12
Q

What is Oldham doing to reduce its energy wastage?

A
  • it’s giving away 2 energy saving lightbulbs to each household
  • it’s improving social housing in the area:
    installing cavity wall insulation
    Installing 270 mm of loft insulation
    Fitting hot water cylinder insulation
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13
Q

What is Penzance housing association doing to reduce energy bills?

A

In 2004 it supplied 14 bungalows with ground source heat pumps
Which are more efficient and cost-effective than normal heating

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14
Q

What is Re3?

A

Re3 is a waste management partnership between Bracknell Forest Council in Berkshire and Reading and Wokingham.

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15
Q

How many household waste recycling centres do Bracknell, Reading and Wokingham have?

A

2 household recycling centres

Smallmead, Island road, Reading
Longshot Lane, Bracknell

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16
Q

How many recycling sites are there around the 3 authorities ? And where are these recycling sites situated?

A
  • 150 recycling sites

- convenient sites such as supermarkets

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17
Q

Re3 has many agreement with many companies to recycle the waste they collect. How are cans recycled?

A
  1. Baled at a Biffa waste management facility in Southampton
  2. Waste processing facility in Leicester
  3. Divided into steel and aluminium
  4. Then reused –> new cans or cars
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18
Q

How are plastics recycled?

A
  1. Plastic bottles are recycled by Baylis recycling plant, Keynsham
  2. Bottles sorted into different types of plastics
  3. Products made from used plastic include garden furniture, fleece jackets, new plastic bottles
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19
Q

How is paper and cardboard recycled?

A
  1. Recycled in Maidenhead
  2. Material is sorted then baled
  3. St Regis paper mill in Kent –> new packaging material
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20
Q

How is glass recycled?

A
  1. Reprocessed in Yorkshire

2. Glass is washed and crushed and mixed with raw materials such as sand and limestone –> new glass containers

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21
Q

How do households in Bracknell recycle their waste?

A
  • Bracknell has a 2-week collection system.
    On one week the following are collected?
  • brown bin - garden waste
  • blue bin - plastic bottles and tins
  • green box - paper
    On the next week:
  • green bin - General rubbish is collected
    Other types of waste :
    Shoes e-waste foil can be taken to the household recycling centres
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22
Q

What is the case study for waste disposal?

A

GERMANY

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23
Q

How many tonnes of municipal waste does Germany produce?

A

14 million tonnes of municipal waste.

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24
Q

How much of that is recycled?

A

60% of the 14 million tonnes of municipal waste is recycled

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25
What sign do all recyclable products have on them?
GRUNE PUNKT
26
How much does buying these recyclable products cost the average family per year?
£100 - 200 a year which is added to their cost by the producer to contribute to the DSD which pays the firms who do the recycling.
27
How many landfills are there in Germany?
160 landfills this number has decreased from 50 000 in 1970
28
What needs to happen to all the waste before it is allowed to be out into landfills?
The waste must all be treated before it's put into landfills
29
Give an example of a waste treatment plant?
Luebeck waste treatment plant
30
How many tonnes of domestic waste is treated annually?
200,000 tonnes of domestic waste
31
How many incinerators does Germany have?
68 incinerators
32
What are the waste plants allowed to do?
Release carbon dioxide as they do NOT burn fossil fuels
33
What are some incinerators used as?
Mini-power plants which burn waste and provide energy to local homes and businesses.
34
Where does Germany send its Nuclear waste to be reprocessed?
France and the United Kingdom
35
Where does it send it's nuclear waste to be stored ?
Siberia
36
By 2013 where will Germany store ask of its low level waste (which is 95% of total nuclear waste) ?
Konrad, Germany
37
By 2025 where will Germany have a facility to deal with the remaining 5% of high level waste?
Gorleben
38
Germany exports its toxic waste products. What happened between 1991 -1992?
- shiploads of German toxic waste (pesticides) were sent --> Albania - the pesticides were sent --> Albania to be used by farmers even though they were considered to dangerous to use in Germany - however, within the shipment there were 6000 litres of toxaphone which is highly toxic and can kill wildlife - Germany refused to take it back until other world nations have forced them
39
What are the advantages of landfills?
Cheap Suitable for non-recyclable products e.g. Electronic devices Build on the land afterwards
40
What are the disadvantages of landfills?
Lots of space is needed Chemicals can leak --> water systems Material breakdown releases methane which is a greenhouse gas
41
What are the advantages of incineration?
Less space required than landfills Incineration is good for non-biodegradable products Produces heat energy to create electricity
42
What are the disadvantages of incineration?
Incineration plants are eyesores | Carbon dioxide and other pollutant gases are released when waste is burnt
43
What are the advantages of recycling?
Food waste ---> compost Reuse -clothing can be sent to charities as aid Upcycling
44
What are the disadvantages of recycling ?
Expensive e.g. Germany has to export its waste to other countries to be recycled which is costly Time consuming Uses energy
45
What are the advantages of exporting waste?
Allows proper treatment of toxic waste Not all countries have proper facilities so other counties might have to do it Less waste is incinerated and put into land fills
46
What are the disadvantages of exporting waste to other countries?
Garbage islands created in the ocean Political upset e.g. Albania and Germany Expensive
47
Wind energy: what is the UK government target of energy from renewable resources by 2015?
15% - much of this energy should come from wind farms
48
Give an example of a wind farm?
Carno 2 mid-Wales Has 12 1.3 megawatt turbines 1 x 1.3 megawatt turbines can produce electricity for 700+ households
49
How do wind turbines produce electricity?
1. Wind turns blades 2. Blades turn 3. Blades drive a shaft 4. Shaft turns a gear box 5. Gear box generates electricity 6. Electricity distributed along the national grid
50
What are the advantages of wind energy ?
- wind is stronger in the winter which reflects the demand - installation cost is paid back after 6-7 months therefore after 6-7 months essentially it's free electricity - electricity is produced 80% of the times - using wind reduces energy emissions from fossil fuel plants As every kilowatt produced by wind is a kilowatt that does not have to be produced by fossil fuels
51
What are the disadvantages of wind?
Visual pollution Noise pollution Very expensive Can never fully replace fossil fuels as they aren't 100% reliable as they rely on wind Some greenhouse gas given off during production of the turbine and transportation Offshore turbines disturb migration patterns of birds
52
What happens in Denmark each year?
In Denmark 9% of energy comes from wind energy and this results in 9000 birds being killed each year
53
What happens in Eastern USA to reduce bat deaths?
Large number of bats are killed therefore now in eastern USA wind turbine are switched off when energy is low this has led to a 73% decrease in bat deaths.
54
What are the advantages of coal?
Coal is found in many countries It's cheap to mine Most coal is just below the surface and is easy to mine e.g. In Australia Easy to convert into energy you just burn it Coal reserves should last another 100-150 years Improved technology has increased the output per worker
55
Disadvantages of coal?
- waste heaps are left after coal mines shut - in May 2012 in China 9 coal miners died an example of how dangerous deep shaft mining can be - acid rain is caused when coal burnt, the acid rain the UK produces is blown to Scandinavia where forests are ruined - greenhouse gases emitted when coal is burnt - most easily accessible deposits have been used up - production costs have risen - open cast damages the environment
56
What does clean coal technology focus on?
Clean coal technology focuses on reducing emissions from coal fired power stations Increasing the efficiency of coal fired power stations
57
How does clean coal technology achieve its aims?
- coal cleaning: removing mineral matter from mined coal to produce a cleaner product Coal cleaning can reduce ash content by over 50% - fabric filters reduce particulate emissions by 99.5% - flue gas desulphurisation systems cut sulphur dioxide emissions by 90%+ - special burners can reduce nitrous oxide emissions by 90%+
58
What is the difference between the use of coal in developed and and developing countries?
Developed countries are moving away from coal s an energy source Whereas in developing countries coal is their primary energy source
59
what does recycling mean?
making waste products available for re-use.
60
what are recycling sites?
places where waste products can be taken to be made available for reprocessing.
61
what does reusing mean?
making waste products into a new product
62
what are landfills?
Areas of land that are used to dispose of waste products. | Large holes are dug, filled with waste and then covered over with soil.
63
what does global energy mix mean?
different energy use around the world

Wasteful World (2 decks)

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