Energy (unit 4) Flashcards
Energy Technologies: Coal/Oil Fired Power Plant
- Converts Chemical Potential energy into electrical energy
Energy Technologies: Coal/Oil Fired Power Plant Process
1) Crush Coal into fine dust
2) Into combustion chamber
3) IGNITE
4) Energy is then released and absorbed by chamber and is converted to high-pressure which cause the turbine to spin (connected to the generator to produce energy.
Hydroelectric power plant + original source
- Moving water posses kinetic energy
Original source = Air Currents
Currents form cloud and precipitation falls at a higher altitude which converts energy to kinetic energy (like said before)
Hydroelectric power plant and gravitational energy
Gravitational potential energy is converted into electricity.
Store water reservoir raises the reservoir level which = more gravitational potential.
Force of the water pushes against turbine blades which causes them to turn and generator converts kinetic energy into electrical energy.
Tidal Energy (how do tides work)
Cause = Gravitational attraction between the nearside earth and the center of earth systems. The results is variations in coastal sea levels daily.
These fluctuations cause water to rush into tidal basins approximately twice a day each day, this flowing water is used to turn turbines to generate electricity
Difference between Neap tide and Spring tide
Neap tide = Low tide
Spring Tide = High tide (when the sun, earth and moon are in a straight line)
CANDU Nuclear Power Plant
(Canadian Deuterium Uranium Reactor, a nuclear reactor developed and used in Canada)
- Holds world record for longest running nuclear plant without a shutdown
- Very efficient both in production of energy and in cost.
Per capita
for each person / per person
The highest energy use per capita doesn’t always mean its the place with the most people.
It’s the place with the most industrial development.
Advantages and disadvantages energy sources: Passive solar heating
Pro = No emissions produced
Con= Only produces heat during the day
Advantages and disadvantages energy sources: Wind turbines
Pros = Renewable energy and high sustainability
Cons = requires large amounts of land
Advantages and disadvantages energy sources: Hydroelectric power
= Use of fast flowing water to produce energy
Pros: Very efficient
Cons: Not cost effective
Advantages and disadvantages energy sources: Biomass
= Energy produced from recently living things, burned to to produce high pressure steam
Pros: Renewable and high term sustainability
Cons: Co2 Production - due to the burning
Advantages and disadvantages energy sources: Geothermal energy
geothermal energy = Geothermal power plants use hot water from beneath the earth’s surface produce steam to generate energy.
Pros: No emissions produced.
Cons: Need selective environment in order to work.
Advantages and disadvantages energy sources: Hydrogen fuel cells
= Catalyst anadode (enables hydrogen molecules to be split into protons and electrons) When electrons go through the external circuit the electrons produce electricity.
Pros: No emissions produced
Cons: Difficult to transport and move
Geothermal power plant (what it does, is it renewable, and what it converts in regards to energy)
Uses loop pipes in the ground to collect radiant heat (like solar)
Pipes filled with antifreeze, heat from the earth’s thermal energy is used to heat buildings.
Renewable
Conversion: Converts chemical potential energy to electrical energy.
Wind turbines
- Generates lot of kinetic energy
- Solar energy converted to thermal energy = heat energy in air increases the kinetic energy of turbine which increases energy in generator (genoratos take kinetic energy and convert into electrical energy)
- renewable
Energy pathway for a Coal-fired generating station
Chemical - Thermal - Kinetic = Electrical
What two renewable energy plants use nuclear energy
CANDU reactor Schematic
What are some Efficiency improvements
- changing Incandescent light bulbs with fluorescent saves energy
- Newer vehicles have better have better fuel economy
- Power plants need to be able to produce more electrical energy throughout the whole day ( not only during daylight hours)
Factors for sustainable development
Deals with developing resources in a way that will not quickly use up those resources.
Canada now regulates emissions from transportation, emissions from electricity, and now little bit of fuel comes from renewable energy.
Steps to finding energy input or output
1) Plug into formula
2) make sure percentage is in 0.____ form instead of a whole number
3) Get x alone
4) final answer
What is petroleum
Petroleum is a fossil fuel found beneath earth’s surface that can be refined into fuel.
Its created by the decomposition of living matter.
Non-renewable
Harmful emissions so it is bad for the environment
Renewable energy source examples
Wind, biomass (wood), Solar, hydroelectric (including tidal energy)
Non-renewable examples
Oil, natural gas, coal, gas, and nuclear energy
What energy source require solar origin and which ones don’t?
Require solar origin = Wind, fossil fuels coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro energy.
Do NOT require solar origin = Geothermal, uranium ore, and tidal (needs gravitational but not direct solar) .
Geothermal Energy pathway
chemical potential - Electrical
Hydrogen fuel cell
Chemical potential energy - Electrical
Nuclear fusion plants (compressed)
-Nuclear is not renewable
- Atomic nuclei are compressed under intense pressure and heat to create energy.
Nuclear Fission plants
- Nuclear energy is non renewable but very efficient
- Nuclear fission involves uranium to split and release energy
Photovoltaic
Solar light converted into energy through solar panels
Exothermic
Chemical change that involves a release of energy
Energy is a product and H values are negative
Endothermic
Energy is absorbed
Energy is a reactant and H values are positive
How do you find if a mass is converted into energy in a nuclear reactor and then find the energy released in scientific notation
2
E=MC
Multiply the mass given by c (if they give you an exponent in the numerical response question then use that)
What does this formula mean
H=nfhProducts-nfhReactants
It will determine the quantity (mass) of energy released
If its talking about amount you use this formula
the E=Mc2 will tell you the energy released in J
Steps to finding the change in energy
1) Balance the nuclear reaction (make sure the sum is the same on both sides
2) Multiply the mass of each nucleotide by each number of moles assigned to them (multiply by the coefficient)
3) Subtract the products from the reactants
Steps to finding Lowest-Highest energy consumption per capita
You have to divide
% being used of world’s total energy consumption
/
% of worlds population living in that area
- If the number is negative that means they are using less than could be based on population
- If the number is positive then they exceeding the amount of energy that is appropriate in relation to their population.
Is it products - reactants or reactants -products
Its Products - Reactants
Remember to think about if your doing fission or fusion. Its the same either way just do it like it was set up
What technology is currently least able to meet Canadas need to generate energy
- Nuclear Fusion
(compressing of nuclei under intense pressure and heat to create energy)
What do you need to include when balancing an equation
- The 1 from the neutron
- Any coefficients
What form of energy is converted in geothermal electricity production
Chemical potential - electrical
