Energy types Flashcards
What is energy?
Energy is the ability to do work.
What are the major types of energy?
Movement, heat, chemical, electrical, gravitational, light, nuclear, elastic, and sound. They are either kinetic or potential energy.
What is the unit used to measure energy?
Joules(J)
What does the law of conservation of energy state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred and transformed
Define kinetic energy
Energy that can be seen doing something
Define potential energy
Energy that is stored and has potential to be used for movement
What are the different potential energy?
Chemical, Gravitational, Nuclear, Elastif
What are the different kinetic energy
sound, movement, light, heat, electrical
Define chemical energy
Energy stored within substance, such as fuel or food, that may be released when the substance is burnt or digested
Define gravitational energy
The stored energy in an object that is held above the surface of the Earth
define nuclear energy
energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
define elastic energy
Energy stored in compress or stretched objects
Define sound energy
travel as vibrating waves and can be heard by our ears as sound
Define movement energy
Energy of moving object
Define light energy
Energy in electromagnetic spectrum
Define heat energy
Measure of total kinetic energy possessed in a substance
Define electrical energy
Energy that cause charged particles to move
Law of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
What is temperature
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles
What is heat
Heat is form of energy. Heat describes the total energy of all particles within an object
What is heat transfer
Heat transfer is the flow of heat from areas of high temperature to areas of low temperature. The greater the temperature difference the faster the flow.
What is heat transfer
Heat transfer is the flow of heat from areas of high temperature to areas of low temperature. The greater the temperature difference the faster the flow.
What are the three forms of heat transfer
Conduction, convection, radiation
What are the three forms of heat transfer
Conduction, convection, radiation
What is conduction
Conduction is the process of heat transfer by vibrating particles
What is convection
Convection is the transfer of heat in a liquid or gas due to less dense, warmer matter rising and denser cooler matter falling.
What is radiation
Radiation is the movement of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves which can travel through a vacuum
What happens when radiation hits a surface?
When heat radiation hits a surface it may be absorbed, reflected or transmitted.
What is the particle theory
- Matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms and molecules)
- Particles of matter are in constant motion.
- Particles of matter are held together by electric forces
- There are empty spaces between the particles of matter, these spaces differ in each phase (solid, liquid, gas)
- Temperature affects the speed of the particles. The higher the temperature, the faster the speed of the particles. (Kinetic Theory of Matter)
What is static electricity
Static electricity is a collection of negative charges that jump from one object to another.
What is the electrostatic forces
Opposite attract-positively and negatively charged objects will move to stick together.
Like charges repel-negative and negative or positive and positive want to push each other away
These attraction or repulsion forces are called electrostatic forces.
What is current electricity
The continuous movement of electrons through a conductor.
What is current electricity
The continuous movement of electrons through a conductor.
What is a current
A current is the rate of flow of electrons from one point to another. Current is measured by an ammeter and the unit of measurement is amperes or amps for short.
AC vs DC
DC stands for direct current. Batteries and cells produce direct current where electrons travel in one direction.
AC stands for alternating current. Electrons can travel in both directions, back and forth along a wire.
What are the two types of current in circuits
Series circuit: In a series circuit current is the same at any point
Parallel circuit: In a parallel circuit current is distributed across the branches
What is voltage
Voltage is the pressure that pushes the current through the circuit.
Voltage is a measure of the amount of energy that is supplied to the charges by the voltage source (supply voltage) and used by the charges as they pass through a component of a circuit.
Measured by a voltmeter and the unit of measurement is volts.
What is resistance
Resistance measures how difficult it is for an electric current to flow through a material or a component.
Resistance is friction that impedes the flow of current through the circuit
Resistance can be measured with a digital multi-meter and the units of measurements are Ohms
What are the 3 factors that affect resistance
The material the wire is made from
The length of the wire-the longer the wire the more resistance there will be
The thickness of the wire-the thinner the wire the more resistance there will be
What is the Ohm’s law
Ohm’s law states that the current passing through a conductor is proportional to the voltage over the resistance.
V=IR
I=V/R
R=V/I
What is a electric circuit
An electric circuit is the path electrons take to transfer their energy.
Electrons are conducted through the circuit, from the negative terminal of the energy source to the positive terminal.
Electric circuits are made up of components which have universal symbols.
What are the components of a simple electrical circuit
An energy source
An energy user e.g. light bulb
Metal wires connecting everything
Often there is a switch for turning the circuit on or off
What are series circuits
The components are connected end-to-end, one after the other. They make a simple loop for the current to flow around. If one bulb “bows” it breaks the whole circuit and all the bulbs go out.
What are parallel circuits
The components are connected side by side
The current has a choice of routes
If one bulb “blows” there is still a complete circuit with the other bulb so it stays lit.
What are the currents in circuits like for series and parallel
In a series circuit current is the same at any point.
In a parallel circuit current is distributed across the branches
What are the voltages in series circuits
In a series circuit, voltage is shared between the components.
What are the voltages in series circuits
In a series circuit, voltage is shared between the components.
What are the voltages in parallels circuits
In a parallel circuit, voltage is the same across all components.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of series circuits
Advantages
- Easy to create and connect and uses less wires
- don’t overheat easily
- cells connected in series give a greater resultant voltage than individual cells. You can put many cells in series to rpoduce a higher supply voltage
Disadvantages
- components can not be individually controlled. If one component fails, the whole circuit doesn’t work
- supply voltage is shared so adding more components means each components has less voltage
- as the number of components in the circuit increases, so does the resistance
What are the advantages and disadvantages of parallel circuits
Advantages
- Components can be individually controlled. You can switch one thing off without turning everything in the circuit off
- If one component fails/breaks the others can still work
- Adding extra branches to the circuit does not affect the voltage each branch receives
Disadvantages
- More difficult to construct and requires more wires
- Fault finding is more complex
- If batteries are in parallel, voltage cannot be increased, This is because an electron can only travel along one path and gain the voltage from the battery in that single path.
