Energy, trophism, and productivity Flashcards
Energy Imputs
Come from the sun
Energy outputs
Come from earth
What is OPEN energy?
Energy that flows to and from earth
What is Closed Energy?
Energy that are WITHIN the earth
What is nutrients cycles an example of?
Closed system
What is the flow of energy considered?
An Open System
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change form
Where does all energy come from?
The sun
-Troph
Self nourishing, producers
How are consumers organized?
Into trophic levels
Where are producers always at on a trophic level?
The bottom
Heterotrophs?
Consumers
What are some examples of heterotrophs
Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, and detritivores (all get their energy from consuming a producer)
What do decomposers do?
Break down dead materials (bacteria, fungi, worms)
Detritivores?
Consume material to break it down
Producer
Photosynthetic Organisms, gets energy from the sun
Primary Consumers
Always have a second trophic level as they eat plants
Secondary Consumers
Could be carnivores or omnivores at the third level, eat the organisms that eat plants
Tertiary Consumera
Apex predatores, eats the organisms that eats the organisms that eats plants. TOP DOGS
How much light makes it to the plant?
1%
Where does the other 99% of energy goes?
To surfaces, or are reflected back to the sun
GPP
Gross primary productivity, overall rate off energy that is captures by the producer (60%)
NPP
Net Primary Productivity always lower than GPP, usually less than 40%
How much of the 1% goes to producers?
100%
Primary consumers energy amount?
10%
Secondary consumers energy amount?
1%
Tertiary consumers energy amount?
.1%
How much energy transfer goes to each level?
10% each level
