Energy Transformations

Question 1

What are autotrophs?

Answer 1

An organism that can produce its own organic molecules from inorganic sources.

Question 2

Types of autotrophs

Answer 2

Photoautotrophs:
Organisms that make their orgainic compounds using energy from the sun by photosynthesis.

Chemoautotrophs:
Orgainisms that make their organic compound by oxidising chemicals by chemosynthesis.

Question 3

What are Heterotrophs?

Answer 3

An organism that obtains organic molecules from other organisms.

Question 4

Types of Heterotrophs

Answer 4

Consumers:
Organisms that ingest organic matter which is living or recently died (e.g - herbivores, carnivores, scavengers)

Detritivores:
Ingest non-living organic matter (e.g - earthworms, snails, mites)

Saprotrophs:
Sectrete digestive enzymes and absorbs the products (e.g - decomposes like fungi and bacteria)

Question 5

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 5

The chemical process by which plants ‘make their own food.’ Plants are able to make sugar, starch, fat and proteins to survive. They do this using chlorophyll, the green pigmented chemical mixture in leaves.

Question 6

Word equation for photosynthesis:

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide + Water (sunlight)——> Glucose + Oxygen

Question 7

Chemical equation for photosynthesis:

Answer 7

CO2 + H20 (sunlight)——> C6H12O6 + O2

Question 8

What is Cellular respiration?

Answer 8

Cellular respiration is the process of which organisms break down food molecules to release usable energy.

Question 9

Where does Cellular respiration occur?

Answer 9

It happens in the mitochondria inside the cells, and release energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 10

Word equation for cellular respiration:

Answer 10

Oxygen + Glucose ——> Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP

Question 11

Chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 11

C6H12O6 + O2 ——> CO2 + H2O + ATP

Question 12

The three stages of cellular respiration:

Answer 12

Glycolysis:
Takes place in the cytoplasm (cytolysis). Does not requires oxygen. The glucose is this process is converted into a more useful form called pyruvate. (2 ATP)

Krebs Cycle:
Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. Does require oxygen. The pyruvate is oxidized and carbon dioxide is produced. (2 ATP)

Electron Transport Chain:
Takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Does require oxygen. Electrons are transferred from the NADH and FADH to several electron carriers.
Used to create and proton gradient. The protons are used to power an enzyme called ATP synthase (where phosphates are added with ADP) and produce ATP energy. Water is also produced from this process. (34 ATP)

Question 13

My main goal is to produce a lot of ATP energy. (M or C)

Answer 13

M

Question 14

I contain pigments to help capture light energy. (M or C)

Answer 14

C

Question 15

Oxygen gas production will happen within me. (M or C)

Answer 15

C

Question 16

I can be found in plant cells. (M or C)

Answer 16

C

Question 17

I can be found in animal cells. (M or C)

Answer 17

M

Question 18

Carbon dioxide gas production will happen within me. (M or C)

Answer 18

M

Question 19

Muscle cells would contain a lot of me (M or C)

Answer 19

M

Question 20

Water production will happen within me. (M or C)

Answer 20

M

Question 21

Glucose production will happen within me. (M or C)

Answer 21

C

Question 22

I would be found within a photosynthetic protist. (M or C)

Answer 22

C

Question 23

I am the site of aerobic cellular respiration. (M or C)

Answer 23

M

Question 24

Krebs and Electron Transport Chain both happen within me. (M or C)

Answer 24

M