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Physics > Energy Transfers > Flashcards

Energy Transfers Flashcards

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1
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Anything moving has energy in its kinetic energy store

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2
Q

Thermal energy

A

Any object - the hotter it is, the more energy it has in its store

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3
Q

Chemical

A

Anything that can release energy by a chemical reaction

Eg: foods, fuels

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4
Q

Gravitational potential

A

Anything in a gravitational field

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5
Q

Elastic potential

A

Anything stretched like springs and rubber bands

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6
Q

Electrostatic

A

Eg: two charges that attract or repel each other

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7
Q

Magnetic

A

Eg: two magnets that attract or repel each other

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8
Q

Nuclear

A

Atomic nuclei release energy from this store in nuclear reactions

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9
Q

Mechanically transferred

A

An object moving due to a force acting on it

Eg: pushing, pulling, stretching or squashing

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10
Q

Electrically transferred

A

A charge moving through a potential difference

Eg: charges moving round a circuit

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11
Q

By heating

A

Energy transferred from a hotter object to a colder object

Eg: heating a pan of water on a hob

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12
Q

By radiation

A

Energy transferred
Eg: by light/sound waves
Eg: energy from the sun reaching earth as light

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13
Q

What is the principle of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can be stored, transferred between stores, and dissipated - but it can never be created or destroyed

The total energy of a closed system has no net change

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14
Q

What is the equation used to calculate efficiency?

A

Efficiency = useful energy output / total energy output x 100%

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15
Q

Describe energy transfers of a ball rolling up a slope

A

1) Transferred MECHANICALLY from the KINETIC energy store of the ball to its GRAV POT energy store.
2) some energy transferred MECHANICALLY to its THERMAL energy stores of ball and the slope due to friction, then by heating to THERMAL energy stores of surroundings - energy is wasted

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16
Q

Describe energy transfers a bat hitting a ball

A

1) some energy is usefully transferred MECHANICALLY from the kinetic energy store of bat to kinetic energy store of ball.
2) Rest of energy is wasted. Some energy in kinetic energy store of bat is transferred MECHANICALLY to the thermal energy stores of bat, ball and surroundings.
3) remaining energy carried away by sound.

17
Q

Describe energy transfers of an electric kettle boiling water

A

1) energy transferred electrically from mains to the thermal energy store of kettles heating element.
2) it is then transferred by heating to thermal energy store of water.
3) some energy is wasted and transferred by heating from thermal energy stores of heating element and water to the thermal energy stores of surroundings.

18
Q

Battery powered toy cars

A

1) energy usefully transferred electrically from the chemical energy store of batter to kinetic energy store of car and carried away by light from headlights.
2) wasteful energy transfers occur, to thermal energy stores of car and surroundings and waste fully carried away by sound

19
Q

Energy transfers in fossil fuels

A

1) As the fossil fuel burn, it transfers energy by heating and stored in the thermal energy store of water and steam.
2) Then, the energy is transferred mechanically to the turbine.
3) The energy is transferred mechanically to the generator, and then transferred as electricity.

20
Q

Advantages of fossil fuels

A

1) readily available and provide reliable source of power
2) gas fired power stations can be turned on and off at short notice, thereby allowing electricity companies to respond to changes in demand throughout the day

21
Q

Disadvantages to fossil fuels

A

1) non-renewable and produce gases which contribute to global warming and cause pollution.
2) we have limited reserves of all the fossil fuels

22
Q

Energy transfers in nuclear power

A

During the process, energy is transferred from nuclear energy stores to thermal energy stores by heating, then mechanically to kinetic energy stores, and finally transferred electrically through the national grid

23
Q

Advantages of nuclear power

A

1) plenty of nuclear fuel so resources will last for a long time
2) great amount of energy released for each kg of nuclear fuel
3) does not produce gases which contribute to global warming

24
Q

Disadvantages of nuclear power

A

1) produce radioactive waste which has a long half-life
2) waste needs to be stored safely for many years
3) expensive to produce

25
Q

Energy transfers in wind power

A

Wind turbines use energy from the kinetic energy store of moving air to generate electricity.

Wind turns blades, which turn a generator inside it.

26
Q

Advantages of wind power

A

Wind power is clean and has no waste products

Renewable

27
Q

Disadvantages of wind power

A

Unreliable - if wind is too light no power is generated
If wind too strong turbines can overheat

Make a noise that disturbs people living close to them

28
Q

Energy transfers in tidal barrages

A

The energy is transferred from the kinetic energy stores of the water to the kinetic energy store of the turbine, and used to generate electricity.

29
Q

Advantages of water power

A

Reliable and have no waste products

Hydroelectric power is reliable because rivers usually flow

Water is free and does not need mining or transporting

30
Q

Disadvantages of water power

A
  • initial costs are high

- environmental issues

31
Q

Energy transfers in geothermal power

A

Water is pumped in pipes down to hot rocks and forced back up due to pressure to turn a turbine which drives a generator.

So the energy is transferred from thermal energy stores to kinetic energy stores and are used to generate electricity

32
Q

Advantages of geothermal power

A

Renewable and reliable

Cheap

No waste products

33
Q

Disadvantages of geothermal power

A

Only available in some regions of geological activity like Iceland.

34
Q

Energy transfers in solar heating systems

A

Radiation from sun transfers to the thermal energy store of water.

Water is pumped through pipes, which are placed on the roof of a house. In this way the water is warmed.

35
Q

Advantages of solar power

A

Once panels are installed solar power is free at source

Require little maintenance

Good long term investment

Renewable

No waste products

36
Q

Disadvantages of solar power

A

Initial high investment

Unreliable due to weather

Cannot operate at night and less effective in winter

37
Q

Energy transfers from n hydroelectricity

A

Rainwater is caught and allowed out through turbines, transferring energy from the gravitational potential energy store of the water to kinetic energy stores as it falls, which is used to generate electricity

Physics (10 decks)

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