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zzzzzz > Energy Transfer And Types9 > Flashcards

Energy Transfer And Types9 Flashcards

1
Q

Energy can’t be…

A

Destroyed or created this means that the amount of energy in the universe is always the same.

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2
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules(J)

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3
Q

Is all energy useful?

A

No some energy is classed as wasted energy. All wasted energy will end up as heat energy which spreads out(dissipates) which make surroundings slightly warmer as the energy spreads out its more difficult to reuse.

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4
Q

What are the 9 types of energy?

A 
Kinetic
Thermal
Sound
Light
Gravitational
Elastic
Chemical
Electrical
Nuclear
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5
Q

Which energy types are classed as potential?

A

Gravitational
Elastic
Chemical

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6
Q

What is the equation for efficiency?

A

Useful Energy Output
——————— (x100%)
Total Energy Input

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7
Q

What is the process for fossil-fuel power station?

A
  • sun produces energy
  • plants take energy from the sun
  • plants change to coal over millions of years
  • coal is burnt in oxygen(in air)
  • water heated, make steam
  • steam turns a turbine
  • turbine drives a generator
  • generator produces electricity
  • electricity travels through wires to your home
  • electricity used in home
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8
Q

What are the three fossil fuels?

A

Coal
Oil
Natural Gas

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9
Q

What is nuclear power?

A

Nuclear power involves splitting atoms of nuclear fuel, uranium or plutonium. When atoms are split a lot of heat energy is released. That heat energy is used to heat water to make steam. Since the fuel isn’t burnt, no greenhouse gases are produced. However dangerous radioactive substances are produced.

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10
Q

What arguments are for nuclear power?

A
  • produce a lot of energy
  • no sulphur dioxide, so no acid rain
  • no carbon dioxide, so not affecting the greenhouse affect
  • small amount of radioactive waste
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11
Q

What arguments are against nuclear power?

A
  • Chernobyl nuclear power station, blew up, due to human error
  • waste stays radioactive for thousands of years
  • costs a lot of money to commission and decommission
  • nuclear waste stored underground may leak and pollute the world
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12
Q

What is the process for hydroelectricity?

A
  • sun evaporates water from the sea
  • water forms clouds, producing rain
  • rainwater falls downhill in rivers
  • water’s collected behind a dam
  • water falls down from the dam
  • water turns turbine
  • turbine drives a generator
  • electricity is produced
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13
Q

What is the process for tidal power?

A
  • moon orbits earth
  • gravitational pull of the moon causes tides
  • at high tide, waters trapped
  • at low tide water falls back through the dam
  • moving water turns a turbine
  • turbine drives a generator
  • electricity produced
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14
Q

What is the process of wave power?

A
  • Waves trapped in small area
  • up and down motion pushes air above and forces air against a turbine
  • air pressure makes turbine turn
  • turns generator
  • producing electricity
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15
Q

What is meant by the term fossil fuels?

A

Plant/living organism which has fossilised over millions of years

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16
Q

What is the process of wind power? And what is a disadvantage?

A
  • use kinetic energy of wind to turn a turbine
  • turbine connected to the generator
  • electricity produced

No wind, won’t work

17
Q

What is the process of solar power? And what is a disadvantage?

A
  • solar cells consist of “photovoltaic cells” these collect light energy from the sun
  • these transfer it directly into electrical energy

Have to be at the right angle
Only work during the day

18
Q

What is the process of geothermal power? And what is a disadvantage?

A
  • Cold waters pumped down into the rocks
  • waters heated by radioactive decay(in the earth)
  • steams pumped to the surface
  • steam drives a turbines
  • turbine drives a generator
  • electricity’s produced

Costly to install

19
Q

What is the process of biomass energy? And what is a disadvantage?

A
  • biomass is organic matter e.g.plants,wood,animal waste
  • biomass burnt
  • heat produced heats water to create steam
  • turns turbine and generator
  • like a fossil fuel power station

You still put carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere but no extra than what the biomass has absorbed in its growth

20
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of coal?

A

Advantages
-cheap, easy to obtain
-flexible in meeting demand and quicker start up time than nuclear
Disadvantage
-produces carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide
-removing the sulphur dioxide costs money

21
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of oil?

A

Advantages
-relatively easy to find
-flexible in meeting demand, quicker start-up time than nuclear and coal
Disadvantage
-produces carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide
-often transported between continents in tankers, higher risk of spillage and pollution

22
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of natural gas?

A 
Advantages 
-relatively easy to find
-no sulphur dioxide produced 
Disadvantage 
-produces carbon dioxide
-expensive pipelines and networks are often required to transport the gas
23
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power?

A

Advantages
-don’t produce carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide
-lots of uranium still left to use, use in any weather
Disadvantage
-cost of building and decommissioning adds heavily to the unit cost of energy produced
-radioactive waste stays dangerously radioactive for thousands of years

24
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy?

A

Advantages
-suns energy is free
-solar panels are a cheap way of supplying warm water
Disadvantage
-solar cells are inefficient, large surface area needed
-only work when sun shines

25
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of biomass?

A 
Advantages 
-plants are renewable
-uses natural waste products
Disadvantage 
-burning fuel causes air pollution
26
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of wind energy?

A 
Advantages 
-while wind blows, energy is free
-land can still be used for farming
Disadvantage 
-only works in windy places 
-contributes to noise pollution and visual pollution
27
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of wave energy?

A 
Advantages 
-whenever there's waves, energy is free
Disadvantage 
-only works in places where there are big waves 
-high maintenance costs
28
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydro-electric energy?

A 
Advantages 
-quick response to demand
-energy can be stored
Disadvantage 
-can only be used in wet, hilly areas
-floods a large area, affects ecology
29
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of tidal energy?

A 
Advantages 
-where there's tides, energy is free
-barrier can be used as a causeway across an estuary 
Disadvantage 
-needs a place with high tides
-affects ecology of the area
30
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy?

A 
Advantages 
-energy free
-available day and night
Disadvantage 
-only possible where hot rocks are near the surface
31
Q

Some electrical energy supplied to a motor is wasted as heat. Why does this happen?

A

As the motor spins round friction creates heat

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