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Applied Physiology (SE) > Energy Transfer (3) > Flashcards

Energy Transfer (3) Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: The body can use heat for energy.

A

FALSE

Body cannot use heat for energy and obtains energy via chemical bonds

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2
Q

Where is chemical energy extracted from? (3) What is it primarily used for?

A
  1. CHO, fats, proteins

2. Used to phosphorylate ADP to ATP

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3
Q

____% of potential food nutrients transfers to ATP

A

40%

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4
Q

List 3 forms of energy transfer.

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Mechanical
  3. Transport
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5
Q

What is phosphorylation? Provide 2 examples.

A
  1. Phosphorylation: 1 or more phosphate groups is added to an organic molecule
  2. Aerobic respiration: Glucose phosphorylated in glycolysis
  3. Substrate level/electron transport chain: ADP phosphorylated to ATP
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6
Q

What is a coenzyme? What is their function?

A
  1. Non protein organic substance

2. Purpose: activate dormant enzymes

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7
Q

True or false: Vitamins are coenzymes that DO NOT supply energy for exercise

A

TRUE

Supply energy for biologic work

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8
Q

Where are energy substrates stored? What mode of exercise can increase their concentration?

A
  1. Stored in the myofibril

2. Increase via powerlifting

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9
Q

What is the currency for energy, used in all cell processes?

A

ATP

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10
Q

How many calories equate 1 ATP molecule?

A

7.3kcal

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11
Q

List 2 properties associated with the splitting of ATP.

A
  1. Occurs with or without O2

2. Requires only 1 chemical reaction

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12
Q

How much ATP is stored in the body? How much exercise can be done (duration) using the ATP reserve?

A
  1. 3.5 oz is stored

2. allows for an all out bout of exercise lasting 10 sec

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13
Q

Sedentary person resynthesizes ___% of their body weight in ATP.

A

75%

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14
Q

What are 2 sources of energy for ATP resynthesis?

A

CHO and Lipids

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15
Q

What is creatine phosphate?

A

Stored form of high energy phosphate

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16
Q

_____x greater concentration of creatine phosphate than ATP in the muscle cells.

A

4-6x

17
Q

Breakdown of creatine phosphate occurs ____ and without ____.

A

Rapidly

O2

18
Q

What are 3 ways ATP is synthesized?

A
  1. Substrate Phosphorylation
  2. Krebs Cycle
  3. Cellular Oxidation
19
Q

What is substrate phosphorylation? Where does it take place? How many ATP molecules does it form?

A
  1. ANAEROBIC glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm

2. Yields 2 ATP molecules

20
Q

True or False: Most energy in the body is used to make ATP and is not dissipated as heat.

A

FALSE

Most energy is dissipated as heat, not used to make ATP

21
Q

Lactic acid forms when _____ from NADH combine with _____.

A

2 hydrogens

Pyruvate

22
Q

List 2 things that lead to the formation of lactic acid.

A
  1. Lack of O2 molecule as final H+ acceptor

2. Inadequate enzymes and metabolic machinery

23
Q

What is the second stage of CHO breakdown?

A

Krebs cycle

24
Q

What is the main function of the Krebs cycle? Where does the Krebs cycle take place? How many ATP does it yield?

A
  1. Main function: degrade acytel CoA to CO2 and H atoms
  2. Occurs in the mitochondria
  3. Yields 2 ATP molecules
25
Q

What must be present for the Krebs cycle to occur?

A

OXYGEN (O2)

26
Q

What are 3 components of aerobic metabolism?

A
  1. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs)
  2. Electron transport/respiratory chain
  3. Oxidative phosphorylation (cellular oxidation)
27
Q

What is cellular oxidation? How many ATP does it yield?

A
  1. Reactions that involve transfer of O2, hydrogen atoms or electrons
  2. Yields 32 ATP molecules
28
Q

What 2 processes are involved in cellular oxidation?

A

Electron transport chain

Oxidative phosphorylation

29
Q

What is the electron transport chain? When is the process complete?

A
  1. Removal of electron from hydrogen and their ultimate delivery to O2
  2. Oxidation complete when 2 electrons and 2 protons joint with O2 to form H2O
30
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

ATP synthesized from transfer of electrons from NADH to FADH2 to O2

31
Q

List 3 prerequisites that must be met for continual ATP resynthesis.

A
  1. Donor electron must be present in form of NADH or FADH2
  2. Adequate O2 must be present as final electron and H acceptor
  3. Enzymes and metabolic machinery must be present in sufficient concentration to move energy transfer reaction to completion
32
Q

What are the 3 energy systems?

A
  1. ATP-CP
  2. Lactic Acid System
  3. Aerobic System
33
Q

ATP-CP system supplies ____ energy via ATP and CP

A

Immediate/rapid

34
Q

What duration of exercise is fueled by the ATP-CP system

A

all out work for 10 sec

Applied Physiology (SE) (5 decks)

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