Energy Systems Flashcards
What 3 things comprise a subjects TDEE (Total Daily Energy Expenditure)
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
Thermic Effect of Feeding (TEF)
Thermic Effect of Activity (TEA)
What are the total calories you burn within a 24 hour period
Total daily energy expenditure TDEE
What are calories you burn at rest?
Resting Metabolic Rate RMR
What are calories you burn while eating (digestion)
Thermic Effect of Feeding TEF
What are calories you burn while exercising?
Thermic Effect of Exercise TEE
What percentage of RMR makes up a subjects TDEE
60-75%
What percentage of TEF makes up a subjects TDEE
10%
What percentage of TEE makes up a subjects TDEE
15-30%
How can a person increase their RMR?
by increasing muscle mass
How can a person increase their TEF?
Eating 6 smaller meals each day
How can a person increase their TEE?
Increasing exercise time/intensity
What is equal to the basal metabolic rate or resting oxygen consumption, and represents how much oxygen we have to use to burn calories?
MET
What measures the amount of heat produced?
Direct calorimetry
What measures oxygen consumption?
Indirect calorimetry
For every 1 liter of oxygen O2 we consume, we burn
5 calories
What does RQ stand for?
Respiratory Quotient
What does RQ represent?
Co2produced/O2 consumed
When is the RQ measured?
measured at rest
What is the significance of the RQ to the clinician?
Helps them approximate the macronutrient mixture catabolized for energy during rest and aerobic exercise
What would the RQ be if a subject was burning 100% of CHO?
1.0
What would the RQ be if a subject was burning 100% of Fat?
0.7
What are the 6 forms of energy?
- Chemical
- Mechanical
- Heat
- Light
- Electric
- Nuclear
What is the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism
Anabolism
What is the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism
catabolism
- Initiates chemical reactions and
2. accelerates chemical reactions are the 2 primary function of
enzymes
ATP - PC System
and
Phosphogen System
have an energy system that is the
Immediate Energy System
Anaerobic Glycolysis
and
Lactic Acid System
have an energy system that is the
short term energy system
Oxygen System
and
Aerobic System
have an energy system that is the
Long Term Energy System
What reaction is where pyruvate gains 2 hydrogens and reduces to lactate
reduction reaction
what reaction is where lactate loses 2 hydrogens and oxidates to pyruvate
oxidation reaction
Where does aerobic formation of ATP occur?
Kreb Cycle & ETC - Mitochondria
Where does anaerobic formation of ATP occur?
Cytoplasm
Without O2 present, pyruvate will be reduced to lactate in the muscle then transported to the blood stream to the liver where it will be turned back into pyruvate then to glucose. It will then be either stored in the liver for future use or transported back to the muscle as glucose. This process of gluconeogeneis is known as the _____ and it helps to maintain muscle CHO reserves
Cori Cycle
Glucagon is produced by alpha cells of the pancreas in response to a lower level of glucose in the blood stream. Over in the blood it stimulates the liver to breakdown glycogen into glucose units and send it to the blood stream, thus increases blood sugar levels
.
Insulin is another hormone that is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and released in the blood stream where blood glucose levels are high. This will stimulate the cells to receive glucose from the blood stream inside the cell, thus lowering the blood glucose levels. The two hormones keep BGLU in balance
.
The anaerobic threshold is the point in which blood lactate levels begin to rise. It occurs when the aerobic systems ability to produce ATP is low. So there is low O2 in the tissue. The extra ATP is produced by the anaerobic glycolysis system and lactic acid is produced. When excessive amount of lactate is produced they begin to accumulate in the muscle, this is known as OBLA
.
What is the onset of blood lactate accumulation. It causes rapid muscle fatigue?
OBLA
When does OBLA occur?
When excessive amounts of lactate are produced in absence of O2
Why does OBLA occur?
There is no O2 and pyruvate converts to lactate producing ATP by the anaerobic glyycolysis system
- Burning and heaviness felt in legs or major muscle groups being trained
- Cant catch their breath
- Side stitch and talk test
are three
consequences of OBLA
What Energy system is the fastest, with no energy needed, lasts 10-30 sec and ATP is limited to PC muscle stores
ATP-PC
What Energy system is the fast, with no energy needed, lasts 1-3 min and ATP produced is 2-3
Anaerobic Glycolysis
What Energy system is the slow, with energy needed, lasts hours sec and ATP produced is 36-39
Aerobic glycolysis
What Energy system is the slowest, with energy needed, lasts for hours and ATP produced is 460
Aerobic Fat Metabolism
ATP-PC (Phospagen system) occurs in the
cytoplasm
Anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid system) occurs in the
myoplasm
Aerobic glycolysis (oxygen system) occurs in
Krebs cycle
Aerobic beta-oxidation (oxygen system) occurs in the
krebs cycle and ETC
Aerobic deamination (oxygen system) occurs in the
mitochondria
