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Exercise Physiology > Energy Systems > Flashcards

Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 things comprise a subjects TDEE (Total Daily Energy Expenditure)

A

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
Thermic Effect of Feeding (TEF)
Thermic Effect of Activity (TEA)

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2
Q

What are the total calories you burn within a 24 hour period

A

Total daily energy expenditure TDEE

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3
Q

What are calories you burn at rest?

A

Resting Metabolic Rate RMR

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4
Q

What are calories you burn while eating (digestion)

A

Thermic Effect of Feeding TEF

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5
Q

What are calories you burn while exercising?

A

Thermic Effect of Exercise TEE

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6
Q

What percentage of RMR makes up a subjects TDEE

A

60-75%

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7
Q

What percentage of TEF makes up a subjects TDEE

A

10%

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8
Q

What percentage of TEE makes up a subjects TDEE

A

15-30%

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9
Q

How can a person increase their RMR?

A

by increasing muscle mass

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10
Q

How can a person increase their TEF?

A

Eating 6 smaller meals each day

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11
Q

How can a person increase their TEE?

A

Increasing exercise time/intensity

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12
Q

What is equal to the basal metabolic rate or resting oxygen consumption, and represents how much oxygen we have to use to burn calories?

A

MET

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13
Q

What measures the amount of heat produced?

A

Direct calorimetry

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14
Q

What measures oxygen consumption?

A

Indirect calorimetry

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15
Q

For every 1 liter of oxygen O2 we consume, we burn

A

5 calories

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16
Q

What does RQ stand for?

A

Respiratory Quotient

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17
Q

What does RQ represent?

A

Co2produced/O2 consumed

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18
Q

When is the RQ measured?

A

measured at rest

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19
Q

What is the significance of the RQ to the clinician?

A

Helps them approximate the macronutrient mixture catabolized for energy during rest and aerobic exercise

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20
Q

What would the RQ be if a subject was burning 100% of CHO?

A

1.0

21
Q

What would the RQ be if a subject was burning 100% of Fat?

A

0.7

22
Q

What are the 6 forms of energy?

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Mechanical
  3. Heat
  4. Light
  5. Electric
  6. Nuclear
23
Q

What is the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism

A

Anabolism

24
Q

What is the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism

A

catabolism

25
Q
  1. Initiates chemical reactions and

2. accelerates chemical reactions are the 2 primary function of

A

enzymes

26
Q

ATP - PC System
and
Phosphogen System
have an energy system that is the

A

Immediate Energy System

27
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis
and
Lactic Acid System
have an energy system that is the

A

short term energy system

28
Q

Oxygen System
and
Aerobic System
have an energy system that is the

A

Long Term Energy System

29
Q

What reaction is where pyruvate gains 2 hydrogens and reduces to lactate

A

reduction reaction

30
Q

what reaction is where lactate loses 2 hydrogens and oxidates to pyruvate

A

oxidation reaction

31
Q

Where does aerobic formation of ATP occur?

A

Kreb Cycle & ETC - Mitochondria

32
Q

Where does anaerobic formation of ATP occur?

A

Cytoplasm

33
Q

Without O2 present, pyruvate will be reduced to lactate in the muscle then transported to the blood stream to the liver where it will be turned back into pyruvate then to glucose. It will then be either stored in the liver for future use or transported back to the muscle as glucose. This process of gluconeogeneis is known as the _____ and it helps to maintain muscle CHO reserves

A

Cori Cycle

34
Q

Glucagon is produced by alpha cells of the pancreas in response to a lower level of glucose in the blood stream. Over in the blood it stimulates the liver to breakdown glycogen into glucose units and send it to the blood stream, thus increases blood sugar levels

A

.

35
Q

Insulin is another hormone that is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and released in the blood stream where blood glucose levels are high. This will stimulate the cells to receive glucose from the blood stream inside the cell, thus lowering the blood glucose levels. The two hormones keep BGLU in balance

A

.

36
Q

The anaerobic threshold is the point in which blood lactate levels begin to rise. It occurs when the aerobic systems ability to produce ATP is low. So there is low O2 in the tissue. The extra ATP is produced by the anaerobic glycolysis system and lactic acid is produced. When excessive amount of lactate is produced they begin to accumulate in the muscle, this is known as OBLA

A

.

37
Q

What is the onset of blood lactate accumulation. It causes rapid muscle fatigue?

A

OBLA

38
Q

When does OBLA occur?

A

When excessive amounts of lactate are produced in absence of O2

39
Q

Why does OBLA occur?

A

There is no O2 and pyruvate converts to lactate producing ATP by the anaerobic glyycolysis system

40
Q
  1. Burning and heaviness felt in legs or major muscle groups being trained
  2. Cant catch their breath
  3. Side stitch and talk test
    are three
A

consequences of OBLA

41
Q

What Energy system is the fastest, with no energy needed, lasts 10-30 sec and ATP is limited to PC muscle stores

A

ATP-PC

42
Q

What Energy system is the fast, with no energy needed, lasts 1-3 min and ATP produced is 2-3

A

Anaerobic Glycolysis

43
Q

What Energy system is the slow, with energy needed, lasts hours sec and ATP produced is 36-39

A

Aerobic glycolysis

44
Q

What Energy system is the slowest, with energy needed, lasts for hours and ATP produced is 460

A

Aerobic Fat Metabolism

45
Q

ATP-PC (Phospagen system) occurs in the

A

cytoplasm

46
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid system) occurs in the

A

myoplasm

47
Q

Aerobic glycolysis (oxygen system) occurs in

A

Krebs cycle

48
Q

Aerobic beta-oxidation (oxygen system) occurs in the

A

krebs cycle and ETC

49
Q

Aerobic deamination (oxygen system) occurs in the

A

mitochondria

Exercise Physiology (5 decks)

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