energy systems Flashcards
whats ATP
- Adrenaline triphosphate
- the only usable form of chemical energy in the body
what happens in the ATP-PC/A-Lactic system
- Phosphocreatine is used as fuel to resynthesises ATP
- when ATP is Brocken down by the enzyme ATPase, ADP is left along with an inorganic phosphate and energy
- this energy is used for muscle contraction
- Then PC is broken down by creatine kinase (when ATP levels fall) to form creatine, a phosphate ion and energy
- this then enables resynethesis of ATP so that more energy can be made
advantages of ATP-PC system
- ATP can resynthesises quickly
- no fatiguing by products
- PC stores can be re-synthesised quickly (3 mins -> 100%)
- enables quick and powerful energy
- it is possible to extend the time the ATP-PC system can be utilised through the use of creating supplementation
disadvantages of ATP-PC system
- only a limited store of PC in the muscle cell (can only last up to 8 seconds)
- only one mole of ATP can be resynthesised for every mole of PC
- PC resynetheis can only take place in the presence of o2
What is the fuel for the ATP-PC
phosphocreatine
what is the reaction site for the ATP-PC system
the sarcoplasm
what is glycolysis
the process which breaks down glucose to pyruvik acid
what is lactate dehydrogenase
the enzyme that converts and buffers pyruvic acid into lactic acid
what is phosphofructokinase
the enzyme that breaks down glucose into pyruvik acid
summary of the lactic acid system
- muscle/liver glycogen is broken down by glycogen phosphate into glucose
- glucose is then broken down in the process of glycolysis by the enzyme
- this produces 2 ATP
- pyruvik acid is then broken down by lactate dehydrogenase into lactic acid
what is the fuel used for the lactate anaerobic system
glucose/glycogen
site of reaction for the lactate anaerobic system
sarcoplasm
how many moles of ATP are produced per mole of fuel? in the lactate anaerobic system
2
what is lactate threshold
the point during exercise at which lactic acid quickly accumulates in the blood. It is where the predominant energy system switches from aerobic to anaerobic
what is lactate sampling
a process that can measure the accumulation of lactic acid in the blood
what are the 5 factors which affect lactate accumulation
- exercise intensity
- muscle fibre type
- rate of blood lactate removal
- respiratory exchange ratio - the ratio of CO2 produced compared to O2 consumed
- fitness of performer
what is acetyl co A?
what happens to pyretic acid in the presence of oxygen. If oxygen is not present then pyruvic acid becomes lactic acid
advantages of the aerobic energy system?
- has a long duration
- has a high energy yield (1:38)
- has no fatiguing by products
- can use fat-> which produces more energy per mole, and using fat enables glycogen stores to be saved therefore these can be used for higher intensity exercise in the lactic acid system
- increased ATP resynthesis
- decreased recovery time as less lactic acid is produced
disadvantages of the aerobic energy system?
- can only be used at moderate/low intensity
- slow energy creation due to having to wait for the oxygen delivery
what is the energy continuum?
a term which describes the type of respiration used by physical activities.
explain the aerobic energy system method:
- glycolysis occurs
- if there is sufficient oxygen, pyretic acid becomes acetyl coA which then forms citric acid(6 carbons)
- Citric acid then enters the krebs cycle which produces h20, C02 and hydrogen and electron pairs
- the hydrogen and electron pairs enter the electron transport system which produces H20 and 34ATP
what is indirect calorimetry?
- a method of measuring energy expenditure.
- it measures how much CO2 is produced and how much oxygen is consumed at both rest and during aerobic exercise.
what 2 outcomes can be found out through using indirect calorimetry?
- REE (resting energy expensiture) which can tell an athlete how much they need to eat
- Respiratory quotient (REQ)
what are measurements of VO2 max?
- multistage fitness test, cooper’s 12 minute run however these only give an indication
- direct gas analysis is done in a lab and is much more reliable
