energy systems Flashcards
what is ATP and where is it stored
Adenosine Triphosphate
- The only USABLE form of energy in the body.
- stored in phosphate bonds
how is ATP broken down
- Enzyme ATPase works to breakdown the phosphate bond.
- An exothermic reaction occurs
- produces ADP (adenosinediphoshate) + ENERGY.
When is ATP used in high intensity activity?
In high intensity exercise longer than 2 seconds ATP is resynthesized using Phosphocreatine (PC)
where is PC stored?
in the sarcoplasm of the muscles
what are the ATP-PC System reactions?
PC => P + C + Energy (Exothermic Reaction)
Energy + ADP + P => ATP (Endothermic Reaction)
what enzyme breaksdown PC
Creatine Kinase
what can the ATP-PC system also be called and why
No Oxygen is used and no lactic acid is formed
it is also called the Alactic Anaerobic System
what are the advantages of the atp-pc system
- prvides atp quickly
- energy for fast, high intensity exercise
- doesnt need oxygen
- stored in muscle
what are the dis advantages of the atp-pc system
- small amount of PC stored in muscle cells
- 1 molecule of ATP is resynthesized
- energy for maximum of 10 seconds
- Only effective for `short high intensity exercise.
when is the anaerobic system used
Begins after around 10 seconds of intense exercise
how much does the anaerobic resynthesise
Resynthesises 2 ATP for every 1 molecule of glucose (1:2)
what energy does the anaerobic system use
glucose
stored glycogen
directly broken down carbohydrate.
What can glycogen be converted to
Stored glycogen can be converted into glucose
uses the enzyme GPP (Glycogen Phosphorylase)
advantages of the latic acid system
- Energy can be produced quickly for activities up to 3 minutes
- Oxygen is not required
- Large amount of stored glycogen can provide more ATP than stores of PC
- Produces 2 ATP per 1 molecule
disadvantages of lactic acid system
- Lactic acid inhibits muscular contraction
- Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) causes fatigue
- reduces pH
- prevents enzyme function
- Relatively low ATP yield compared to long recovery needed.