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UNIT1 - BODY SYSTEMS > energy systems > Flashcards

energy systems Flashcards

1
Q

what is ATP and where is it stored

A

Adenosine Triphosphate
- The only USABLE form of energy in the body.
- stored in phosphate bonds

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2
Q

how is ATP broken down

A
  1. Enzyme ATPase works to breakdown the phosphate bond.
  2. An exothermic reaction occurs
  3. produces ADP (adenosinediphoshate) + ENERGY.
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3
Q

When is ATP used in high intensity activity?

A

In high intensity exercise longer than 2 seconds ATP is resynthesized using Phosphocreatine (PC)

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4
Q

where is PC stored?

A

in the sarcoplasm of the muscles

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5
Q

what are the ATP-PC System reactions?

A

PC => P + C + Energy (Exothermic Reaction)

Energy + ADP + P => ATP (Endothermic Reaction)

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6
Q

what enzyme breaksdown PC

A

Creatine Kinase

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7
Q

what can the ATP-PC system also be called and why

A

No Oxygen is used and no lactic acid is formed
it is also called the Alactic Anaerobic System

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8
Q

what are the advantages of the atp-pc system

A
  1. prvides atp quickly
  2. energy for fast, high intensity exercise
  3. doesnt need oxygen
  4. stored in muscle
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9
Q

what are the dis advantages of the atp-pc system

A
  1. small amount of PC stored in muscle cells
  2. 1 molecule of ATP is resynthesized
  3. energy for maximum of 10 seconds
  4. Only effective for `short high intensity exercise.
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10
Q

when is the anaerobic system used

A

Begins after around 10 seconds of intense exercise

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11
Q

how much does the anaerobic resynthesise

A

Resynthesises 2 ATP for every 1 molecule of glucose (1:2)

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12
Q

what energy does the anaerobic system use

A

glucose
stored glycogen
directly broken down carbohydrate.

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13
Q

What can glycogen be converted to

A

Stored glycogen can be converted into glucose
uses the enzyme GPP (Glycogen Phosphorylase)

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14
Q

advantages of the latic acid system

A
  1. Energy can be produced quickly for activities up to 3 minutes
  2. Oxygen is not required
  3. Large amount of stored glycogen can provide more ATP than stores of PC
  4. Produces 2 ATP per 1 molecule
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15
Q

disadvantages of lactic acid system

A
  1. Lactic acid inhibits muscular contraction
  2. Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) causes fatigue
  3. reduces pH
  4. prevents enzyme function
  5. Relatively low ATP yield compared to long recovery needed.
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16
Q

what is OBLA

A

The point at which blood lactate levels significantly increase and fatigue sets in

17
Q

what sport would anaerobic system be useful for

A

400m sprint, long jump 100m swim

18
Q

what athletic event relies on latic acid system

A

400m hurdles

19
Q

whats the restoration time of phosphocreatine stores?

A

2-3 minutes

20
Q

What are the 3 stages of the aerobic system?

A
  1. aerobic glycolysis
  2. krebs cycle
  3. electron transport chain
21
Q

Describe the aerobic glycolysis stage

A
  1. takes place in sacroplasm
  2. glycogen is convertred to glucose
  3. glucose converted to pruvic acid PFK
  4. produces 2ATP
22
Q

Whats the Link reaction in the aerobic system

A

pryuvic acid is catalyses and coverted to acetyl coA

23
Q

Describe the Krebs cycle

A
  1. takes place in the mitochondria
  2. acetyl coA combines with oxaloacetic acid
  3. froms citric acid
  4. series of reactions
  5. produces 2ATP
24
Q

Describe the electron transport chain

A
  1. hydrogen split into ions and electrons
  2. electrons passed down chains by NADS
  3. hydrogen ion oxidate
  4. 32-34 atp produced
  5. by product h20
25
Q

What fuels the aerobic system

A

carbohydrates and fats

26
Q

what activities would require the ATP system

A

100m spriny, long jump, high jump, shot putt

27
Q

How does the latic acid system create energy

A
  1. glycogen converted to glucose htrough gpp
  2. glucose converted to pryuvic acid through pfk
  3. makes 2 atp
  4. pryuvic acid to lactic acid through ldh
28
Q

Whats the order of the latic acid system

A
  1. glycosis
  2. glycogen - glucose
  3. glucose - pryuvic acid
  4. 2 atp
  5. pryuvicacid - latic acid
29
Q

What enyzme breaks down glycogen - glucose

A

GPP

30
Q

What enyme convertes glucose - pryuvic acid

A

PFK

31
Q

How long does the latic acid system work

A

30 seconds to 3 minutes

32
Q

how long does it take to restore PC

A

2-3 mins

33
Q

how long does it take for latic acid system to recover

A

30-2 hours

34
Q

how many atp are produced in the krebs cycle

A

2 atp

UNIT1 - BODY SYSTEMS (5 decks)

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