energy systems Flashcards
what is ATP and where is it stored
Adenosine Triphosphate
- The only USABLE form of energy in the body.
- stored in phosphate bonds
how is ATP broken down
- Enzyme ATPase works to breakdown the phosphate bond.
- An exothermic reaction occurs
- produces ADP (adenosinediphoshate) + ENERGY.
When is ATP used in high intensity activity?
In high intensity exercise longer than 2 seconds ATP is resynthesized using Phosphocreatine (PC)
where is PC stored?
in the sarcoplasm of the muscles
what are the ATP-PC System reactions?
PC => P + C + Energy (Exothermic Reaction)
Energy + ADP + P => ATP (Endothermic Reaction)
what enzyme breaksdown PC
Creatine Kinase
what can the ATP-PC system also be called and why
No Oxygen is used and no lactic acid is formed
it is also called the Alactic Anaerobic System
what are the advantages of the atp-pc system
- prvides atp quickly
- energy for fast, high intensity exercise
- doesnt need oxygen
- stored in muscle
what are the dis advantages of the atp-pc system
- small amount of PC stored in muscle cells
- 1 molecule of ATP is resynthesized
- energy for maximum of 10 seconds
- Only effective for `short high intensity exercise.
when is the anaerobic system used
Begins after around 10 seconds of intense exercise
how much does the anaerobic resynthesise
Resynthesises 2 ATP for every 1 molecule of glucose (1:2)
what energy does the anaerobic system use
glucose
stored glycogen
directly broken down carbohydrate.
What can glycogen be converted to
Stored glycogen can be converted into glucose
uses the enzyme GPP (Glycogen Phosphorylase)
advantages of the latic acid system
- Energy can be produced quickly for activities up to 3 minutes
- Oxygen is not required
- Large amount of stored glycogen can provide more ATP than stores of PC
- Produces 2 ATP per 1 molecule
disadvantages of lactic acid system
- Lactic acid inhibits muscular contraction
- Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) causes fatigue
- reduces pH
- prevents enzyme function
- Relatively low ATP yield compared to long recovery needed.
what is OBLA
The point at which blood lactate levels significantly increase and fatigue sets in
what sport would anaerobic system be useful for
400m sprint, long jump 100m swim
what athletic event relies on latic acid system
400m hurdles
whats the restoration time of phosphocreatine stores?
2-3 minutes
What are the 3 stages of the aerobic system?
- aerobic glycolysis
- krebs cycle
- electron transport chain
Describe the aerobic glycolysis stage
- takes place in sacroplasm
- glycogen is convertred to glucose
- glucose converted to pruvic acid PFK
- produces 2ATP
Whats the Link reaction in the aerobic system
pryuvic acid is catalyses and coverted to acetyl coA
Describe the Krebs cycle
- takes place in the mitochondria
- acetyl coA combines with oxaloacetic acid
- froms citric acid
- series of reactions
- produces 2ATP
Describe the electron transport chain
- hydrogen split into ions and electrons
- electrons passed down chains by NADS
- hydrogen ion oxidate
- 32-34 atp produced
- by product h20
What fuels the aerobic system
carbohydrates and fats
what activities would require the ATP system
100m spriny, long jump, high jump, shot putt
How does the latic acid system create energy
- glycogen converted to glucose htrough gpp
- glucose converted to pryuvic acid through pfk
- makes 2 atp
- pryuvic acid to lactic acid through ldh
Whats the order of the latic acid system
- glycosis
- glycogen - glucose
- glucose - pryuvic acid
- 2 atp
- pryuvicacid - latic acid
What enyzme breaks down glycogen - glucose
GPP
What enyme convertes glucose - pryuvic acid
PFK
How long does the latic acid system work
30 seconds to 3 minutes
how long does it take to restore PC
2-3 mins
how long does it take for latic acid system to recover
30-2 hours
how many atp are produced in the krebs cycle
2 atp
