Energy Systems

Question 1

Anaerobic Glycolysis

Answer 1

• Occurs in the absence of oxygen
• Occurs in cytosol of muscle cells
• Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP
• Lactic acid as byproduct
• Lactic acid converted back to pyruvate in the liver, produce more ATP via aerobic respiration.
• Rapid source of ATP - Short burst of intense exercise

Question 2

ATP - PCR System

Answer 2

• Does not require oxygen
• Produces ATP very quickly
• Breaks down Phosphocreatine
• Phosphocreatine is stored in muscles as donates high energy phosphate group to ADP
• Causes regeneration of ATP
• This is called creative kinase
• 10-15 seconds

Question 3

Oxidative System Order

Answer 3

Aerobic glycolysis
The Kreb Cycle (TCA Cycle)
The Electron Transport Chain

Question 4

Aerobic Glycolysis

Answer 4

Six-carbon compound glucose is converted into 2 3-carbon compounds (2 pyruvates) which are then converted into 2 two-carbon compounds (acetyl-coA).

Question 5

The Link reaction

Answer 5

Acetyl co-A: pyruvate passes into the mitochondria and is converted to acetyl-coA ‘link’ reaction with production of CO2.

The key regulatory enzyme is pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH).

1 NADH is formed per pyruvate

Glucose was split into 2 pyruvate - total yield is 2 ACH and 2 NADH

Question 6

Kerbs cycle

Answer 6

CoA, a molecule produced during the breakdown of glucose and other nutrients, into a compound called citrate.

followed by a series of reactions in which citrate is broken down into smaller molecules, releasing energy in the process.

The end products of the krebs cycle include carbon dioxide and water, which are released into the environment, and ATP, which is used by cells to perform various functions.

Question 7

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 7

take up and pass on electrons in a series of redox reactions.

Glycolysis, Kreb Cycle – all produce H+ ions
H+ ions build up intermembrane surface

Travels back through Atp synthase- produce ATP