Energy Systems Flashcards
What is glucose stored as?
Glycogen
What is hydrolysis
The chemical breakdown of a compound due to a reaction with water
How many molecules of ATP come from 1 molecule of glucose? (best case when oxygen is present)
38
What are the 3 stages of converting glucose into ATP?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain
You have to spend 2 ATP to make glycolysis happen , but what is the ATP profit?
Makes 4 ATP, so 2 ATP profit
If oxygen not present during glycolysis, what product is produced?
Lactic acid
Which 2 stages of ATP production only occur aerobically?
Krebs and Electron Transport Chain
Within which cell does the Krebs cycle occur?
Mitochondria
What is the purpose of the 2 pyruvates created from glycolysis in the Krebs cycle?
They create 2 molecules of NADH
What is the other name for the Krebs cycle?
Citric acid cycle
What happens ultimately to the CO2 by-product form the Krebs cycle?
It is exhaled
Which Vitamin is crucial to the Krebs cycle?
Vitamin B
How many ATP produced from Krebs cycle?
2 ATP
All the electrons / protons (NADHs / FADHs) made in the Krebs cycle power which next stage?
Electron Transport Chain
The pumping process forces what out of the mitochondria’s inner membrane?
Hydrogen protons
How many ATP made in the electron transport chain?
34
Define ‘synthesis’
The formation of a chemical compound through the combination of simpler compounds
Describe Type I muscle fibers
Slow twitch, best at using O2 to generate ATP - endurance
Describe Type II muscle fibers
Fast twitch, best at using anaerobic metabolism to create ATP - fire quickly, fatigue easily
Describe Type IIa muscle fibers
intermediate fast-twitch fibers using aerobic and anaerobic almost equally
Describe Type IIb or Type IIx muscle fibers
super fast twitch, anaerobic metabolism, fatigues quickly
What does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP made up of?
3 x phosphate groups
1 x adenine (nitrogenous base)
1 x ribose (sugar)
What happens when ATP gets rid of 1 phosphate group?
Energy is released and ADP is formed (adenosine diphosphate). A hydroxide (OH group) takes the place of the phosphate group
What can one molecule of glucose yield through cellular respiration?
A small amount of hear and 38 molecules of ATP
Where does Gylycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
across the inner membrane of the mitochondria
What is the main purpose of the Krebs cycle?
To create NADH and FADH2
What is the product of glycolysis?
Carbon rich pyruvates
In the electron transport chain, what does the proton flow cause?
Energy created from the proton flow results in ADP and phosphates joining together to form ATP
