Energy Supply Flashcards
Why is energy important?
it is required for biological processes in plants and animals to occur
Photosynthesis Facts
6CO2 + 6H2O —-> C6H12O6 + 6O2
energy is stored glucose until it is released by respiration
metabolic pathway - series of small reactions controlled by enzymes
Respiration Facts
release energy from glucose
C6H12O6 + 602 —-> 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
metabolic pathway
AEROBIC
respiration using oxygen
ANAEROBIC
respiration without oxygen
ATP
immediate source of energy within a cell as a cell can’t get energy directly from glucose, so in respiration energy released from glucose is used to make ATP
ATP synthase
catalyses reaction between ADP and inorganic phosphate to make ATP
phosphorylation
adding phosphate to a molecule
hydrolysis
the splitting of a molecule using water
ATPase
enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of ATP into ADP+Pi, which releases energy and occurs in the cell
Properties of ATP
stores and releases small amounts of energy
small and soluble so can easily be transported around the cell
easily broken down so energy can be easily released
it can transfer energy to another molecule by transferring one of its phosphate groups
ATP can’t pass out of the cell so the cell has a constant supply of energy
Chloroplast structure
small, flattened organelles found in plant cells
have a double membrane called a chloroplast envelope
thylakoids (fluid filled membranes) are stacked up in structures called grana
grana are linked together by bits of thylakoid membrane called lamellae
Stroma is contained within the inner membrane
What do chloroplasts contain?
Photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll
These coloured substances absorb the light energy needed for photosynthesis
These pigments are found in the thylakoid membranes
What is a Redox Reaction?
Involves reduction and oxidation
What is a co-enzyme?
A molecule that aids the function of an enzyme by transferring a chemical group from one molecule to another
