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Physics > Energy Stores And Transfers > Flashcards

Energy Stores And Transfers Flashcards

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1
Q

Closed system

A

System where no energy can escape to it enter from the surroundings -> total energy in a closed system never changes

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2
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy an object has because it is moving

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3
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

Energy an object has because of its height above the ground

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4
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

Energy an elastic object has when it is stretched or compressed

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5
Q

Thermal energy

A

Energy an object has because of its temperature

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6
Q

Internal energy

A

The total kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles in an object

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7
Q

Chemical energy

A

Energy that can be transferred by chemical reactions

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8
Q

Nuclear energy

A

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

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9
Q

Magnetic energy

A

Energy a magnetic object has when it is near a magnet or in a magnetic field

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10
Q

Electrostatic energy

A

Energy a charged object has when near another charged object

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11
Q

Name the energy transfers

A

Heating
Electrical
Radiation (waves)
Mechanical (force)

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12
Q

3 ways of reducing waste energy

A

Lubrication - reduces friction so less energy is lost as heat

Streamlining - reduces air resistance or drag in water

Thermal insulation - cavity wall insulation, double glazed windows etc.

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13
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

How quickly energy is transmitted through a material by thermal conduction

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14
Q

Thermal insulator

A

Material which has a low thermal conductivity

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15
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1*C

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16
Q

Power

A

The rate at which work is done

17
Q

Renewable energy

A

Can be replenished as it is used

18
Q

Uses of energy resources

A
  • transport
  • electricity generation
  • heat
19
Q

Renewable energy resources

A
  • solar energy
  • hydroelectric energy
  • tidal energy
  • wave energy
  • wind energy
  • geothermal energy
  • biofuels
20
Q

Solar energy

A

Main uses: heating + generating electricity

Source: sunlight transfers energy to solar panels/cells

Advantages:
- cheap to run once installed
- can be used in remote places
- no greenhouse gases produced

Disadvantages:
- depends on weather
- expensive to buy + install
- cannot supply large scale demand

21
Q

Hydroelectric energy

A

Main uses: generating electricity

Source: water flowing downhill turns generators

Advantages
- low cost to run
- no fuel costs
- reliable
- supply can meet demand

Disadvantages
- expensive to build the dams
- destroys habitats resulting in greenhouse gases produced from rotting vegetation

22
Q

Tidal energy

A

Main uses: generating electricity

Source: turbines on tidal barrages turned by water as the tide comes in and out

Advantages
- predictable supply as there are also tides
- can produce large amounts of energy
- no fuel costs
- no greenhouse gases produced

Disadvantages
- change marine habitats and can harm animals
- restrict access for boats
- are expedience to build
- can’t control supply

23
Q

Wave energy

A

Main uses: generating electricity

Sources: floating generators powered by waves moving up and down

Advantages
- low running cost
- no fuel costs
- no greenhouses gases produced

Disadvantages
- change marine habitats and can harm
animals
- restrict access for boats
- expensive to build
- dependent on weather
- cannot supply large scale demand

24
Q

Wind energy

A

Main uses: generating electricity

Source: turbines turned by the wind

Advantages
- low running cost
- no fuel costs
- no greenhouses gases

Disadvantages
- supply depends on weather
- large amounts of land needed to generate enough electricity for large scale demand
- can produce noise pollution

25
Q

Geothermal energy

A

Main uses: generating electricity + heating

Source: radioactive substances deep in the Earth transfer heat energy to the surface

Advantages
- low running cost
- no fuel costs
- no greenhouse gases produced

Disadvantages
- expensive to set up
- only possible in a few locations around the world

26
Q

Biofuels

A

Main uses: generating electricity + transport

Source: fuel produced from living or recently living organisms

Advantages
- can be carbon neutral
- reliable
- meet demand

Disadvantages
- expensive to produce biofuels
- growing biofuels requires lots of land and water that could be used for food production
- can lead to deforestation

27
Q

Carbon neutral

A

The amount of carbon dioxide released when the fuel is burnt is equal to the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed when the fuel is grown

28
Q

Non-renewable energy resources

A

Not replaced as quickly as they are used + will eventually run out

29
Q

Name the non-renewable energy resources

A
  • fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gases)
  • nuclear fission
30
Q

Coal, oil and natural gas

A

Main uses
- coal: generating electricity
- oil: generating electricity, heating, transport
- natural gas: generating electricity, heating

Source: extracted from underground

Advantages
- enough available to meet current energy demands
- reliable
- relativity cheap to extract

Disadvantages
- will eventually run out
- release carbon dioxide when burned
- release other polluting gases (eg. Coal and oil: Sulfur dioxide)
- oil spills which kill marine life

31
Q

Nuclear fission

A

Main uses: generating electricity

Source: mining naturally occurring elements (eg. Uranium + plutonium)

Advantages
- no greenhouse gases produced
- enough available to meet current energy demands
- large amount of energy transferred from a very small mass of fuel
- reliable

Disadvantages
- produces nuclear waste (dangerous, difficult + expensive to dispose, stored for centuries before safe to dispose of)
- nuclear power plants are expensive to build, run and decommission

Physics (10 decks)

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