Energy Resources in Contrasting Countries- Mali

Question 1

Background information

Answer 1

Mali is a landlocked country (so reliant on other countries) located in North Western Africa.
Typical characteristics of LEDC: increasing population due to high birth rate, low life expectancy (53), low adult literacy rate (74%) etc.
70% of the population is in rural areas
Decentralised energy production for a decentralised population
Income per inhabitant is less than 510 USD

Question 2

Energy usage statistics

Answer 2

86% of the energy they use in in household.
Tiny amount of electricity but of that is hydropower (70%) and thermal power plants.
93% of the population use firewood and charcoal as primary source of energy.
Between 5 and 10% has access to electricity
Less than 5% has access to modern energy services

Question 3

Sustainability of biodiesel generators powered by oil. Pros

Answer 3

Inedible oilseed bush- renewable & high productivity
Jatropha- arid land, little care and can help prevent erosion.
Provide electricity.
Inexpensive.
Less dependent- increases energy self sufficiency.
Carbon neutral

Question 4

Sustainability of biodiesel generators powered by oil. Cons

Answer 4

Low energy output
CO2 emissions
Takes up space
Uses lot of water

Question 5

Sustainability of solar

Answer 5

Solar potential is high in Mali
Benefits all Solar voltaic panels generate electricity
Training community to fix them
Expensive- loans? Charity?

Question 6

Sustainability of HEP

Answer 6

Maintenance costs low
25% of river potential 
Eco friendly- no emissions 
Top down
Downstream issues