Energy Resources

Question 1

what is matter?

Answer 1

anything that has mass and takes up space (solid, liquid, gas)

Question 2

what is energy?

Answer 2

the ability or capacity to do work

Question 3

what is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 3

energy is neither created nor destroyed, but converted from one form to another

Question 4

what is the second law of thermodynamics? and what is the formula?

Answer 4

in any transformation of energy, some amount of energy will be degraded to a more dispersed, less usable form
- energy = work + heat

Question 5

what are non-renewable resources?

Answer 5

• fossil fuels

- all fossilized remains of ancient organisms

Question 6

what are the 3 types of non-renewable resources?

Answer 6

• conventional crude oil/ petroleum
• oil (tar) sands
• Coal

Question 7

what are the 3 types of drilling used in conventional crude oil/petroleum?

Answer 7

1. primary oil recovery: drilling and pumping out oil that flows by gravity in bottom of well
2. secondary oil recovery: after removal of flowing oil; water injected to force out thicker oil
3. tertiary or enhanced oil recovery: 65% left behind after 1 and 2 recovery; 10% more can be recovered by using steam to soften the heavy oil

Question 8

what is the oil (tar) sands?

Answer 8

• a type of sandstone that contains bitumen which is a thick, high sulfur, tar like liquid

Question 9

what are the 2 types to oil (tar) sands mining?

Answer 9

1. surface mining: mining when the oil sands deposit is close to the surface
2. in situ production- Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD): stream injected via pipes underground and water and bitumen is pumped to the surface

Question 10

what is coal?

Answer 10

-combustible rock formed from vegetation under intense temperature and pressure

Question 11

what are the 2 main ways to extract coal?

Answer 11

1. Surface mining: when coal gets close to the surface its easier to extract, cheaper, and less labour intensive
2. Underground mining: when coal is deep in the ground and can potentially be dangerous and harmful to miners health

Question 12

what are the environmental impacts of fossil fuels?

Answer 12

pollution and habitat fragmentation

Question 13

what are 3 types of perpetual and renewable resources?

Answer 13

1. solar energy
2. hydroelectricity
3. wind energy

Question 14

what is solar energy?

Answer 14

sunlight creates electron movement which is converted into electricity
- used in solar panels

Question 15

what is hydroelectricity?

Answer 15

using kinetic energy of moving water to generate electricity
- using a dam which creates a reservoir, water flows at a controlled rate which turns a turbine that runs a generator and produces electricity

Question 16

what is wind energy?

Answer 16

wind moves turbines which generates electricity

Question 17

what is the future of energy?

Answer 17

• Micropower