Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry 1 > Energy production > Flashcards

Energy production Flashcards

1
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When water is added to ATP, one phosphate group is removed, releasing energy via what reaction?

A

Hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is ATP used for in the body?

A

ATP is the energy currency of the body and the body has to synthesis it before it can use it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the minerals that make up ATP complex. Name the different parts of the cell that makes ATP.

A

ATP is always present as a magnesium: ATP complex. Magnesium binds to phosphate groups in ATP making a complex. Cytosol and mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of ATP?

A
  1. Capture the energy from oxidation reactions.
  2. Drive synthetic reaction
  3. Fuel movement
  4. Transport substances across membranes
  5. Cell division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two ways to make ATP?

A
  1. Substrate level phosphorylation - happens in the cytosol of cells..
  2. Oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain - occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two energy carrying molecules?

A

NAD+ and FAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which vitamin is NAD derived from?

A

Niacin (B3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which vitamin is FAD derived from?

A

Riboflavin (B2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 steps of cellular respiration?

A
  1. Glycolysis or anaerobic respiration
  2. Formation of Acetyl-CoA
  3. Kreb Cycle
  4. Electron Transport Chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the energy made from glycolysis?

A
  • 2 ATP
  • 2 NADH
  • 2 Pyruvate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain the process one molecule of glucose goes through in anaerobic respiration and the amount of ATP produced.

A

One glucose molecule is transformed into two pyruvate molecules. There is an input of 2 ATP molecules and an output of 4 ATP molecules, therefore net gain of 2 ATP. Glycolysis also results in the production of 2 molecules of NADH. These can be used to make more ATP later on in the electron transport chain if oxygen is available!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Coenzyme A is a carrier molecule which is a form of which vitamin and how is the energy carried?

A 
Pantothenic Acid (B5).
Easily transferable high energy bond with an acetyl group. New form known as Acetyl CoA.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What energy is produced from the Kreb Cycle for each pyruvate?

A
  • 2 ATP
  • 6 NADH
  • 2 FADH2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do the electron carriers NADH and FADH2 transfer their electrons?

A

Electron Transport Chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is happening in the electron transport chain?

A

The energy lost from the electrons is used to pump H+ across the membrane. Thus creating a H+ gradient where there are more H ions on one side than the other.

17
Q

What are the names of the enzymes in the electron transport chain?

A

Complex 1 - NADH dehydrogenase
Complex 2 - Succinate dehydrogenase
Complex 3 - Cytochrome reductase
Complex 4 - Cytochrome oxidase

18
Q

What happens in oxidative phosphorylation?

A

H ions go back into the matrix through ATP synthase producing ATP.

19
Q

Why is the energy produced from FADH2 lower than NADH?

A

The electrons from FADH2 enter the electron transport chain at complex 2 so there is only enough energy released to make 2 ATP.

20
Q

Briefly list steps of the Kreb Cycle

A 
Pyruvate (3C)
Oxaloaccetate (4C)
Citrate (6C)
Isocitrate (6C)
a-ketoglutarate (5C)
Succincyl CoA (4C)
Succinate (4C)
Fumarate (4C)
Malate (4C)
Oxaloaccetate (4C)
21
Q

What is the net result that 1 molecule of glucose can make during aerobic respiration?

A

38 ATP

22
Q

What is fat metabolism stimulated by?

A

Epinephrine, inhibited by insulin.

23
Q

What are fatty acids carried by to the liver and what happens here?

A

serum albumin where oxidation occurs.

24
Q

What is beta oxidation and how is it used by the body?

A

Beta oxidation converts fatty acids to molecules of Acetyl CoA which then enters the Kreb Cycle just like carbohydrates.

25
Q

Fatty acids are ? so they can penetrate the plasma membrane. Once in the ?, a fatty acid reacts with ? and ? to form a fatty ?. L-carnitine helps transport the fatty acids into the ?.

A 
hydrophobic
cytosol
ATP
Coenzyme A
Acyl-CoA
Mitochondria
26
Q

Beat oxidation has a series of 4 repetitive steps, name them.

A
  1. oxidation by FAD
  2. hydration
  3. oxidation by NAD+
  4. Thiolysis
27
Q

Give 4 functions of fatty acids.

A
  1. holding cell membrane proteins
  2. controlling transport of substances into and out of cells.
  3. cell to cell communication
  4. foetal brain development

Biochemistry 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions