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Y12 Applied Chem > Energy - Paper 1 > Flashcards

Energy - Paper 1 Flashcards

To revise the energy topic (paper 1)

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1
Q

What is a system?

A

an object or group of objects

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2
Q

Describe the energy changes when a ball is thrown upwards

A

Kinetic energy into GPE and thermal

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3
Q

Describe the energy changes when an object hits an obstacle

A

Kinetic into Thermal and sound

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4
Q

Describe the energy changes in a torch

A

Chemical into electrical into thermal and light

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5
Q

State the equation and all units for kinetic energy

A

kinetic energy (J) = 0.5 × mass (kg) × speed Squared (m/s)

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6
Q

State the equation and all units for GPE

A

g.p.e. (J) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength(N/kg) × height (m)

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7
Q

Define specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius.

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8
Q

State the units for specific heat capacity

A

J/kg °C

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9
Q

Define Power

A

Rate at which energy is transferred into a new form

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10
Q

State the equation with all units for Power.

A

Power (W) = energy (J)/ time (s)

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11
Q

Define 1 W

A

An energy transfer of 1 joule per second

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12
Q

State the conservation of energy

A

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but cannot be created or destroyed.

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13
Q

Define thermal conductivity

A

How well a material can insulate. The higher the thermal conductivity of a material the higher the rate of energy transfer by conduction across the material.

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14
Q

How can heat loss from a building be minimised?

A

Using thicker walls and materials with a lower thermal conductivity

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15
Q

Define efficiency

A

How effective a device is at converting its input energy into a useful output form of energy

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16
Q

State the equation for efficiency

A

efficiency = useful output energy / total input energy

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17
Q

State the 3 fossil fuels

A

Coal, oil and gas

18
Q

Define a renewable energy resource

A

One that can be replenished and won’t run out

19
Q

State the advantages of fossil fuels

A 
Reliable
Short start up time of a few hours
cheap
can be used in many locations
doesn't produce radioactive waste
20
Q

State the disadvantages of fossil fuels

A

Non renewable
Will run out
Produces carbon dioxide which leads to global warming
Causes acid rain

21
Q

State the advantages of nuclear power

A

Reliable
A very concentrated source of energy
No carbon dioxide release
Doesn’t cause acid rain

22
Q

State the disadvantages of nuclear power

A

Slow start up time of a few days
Causes Radioactive waste
High decommissioning costs
Non renewable

23
Q

State the advantages of solar power.

A 
Renewable
Wont run out
no fuel cost
no cardon dioxide
Doesn't cause acid rain
24
Q

State the disadvantages of solar power

A

Unreliable
Expensive to buy
Don’t get much energy so need lots of solar cells

25
Q

State the advantages of wind

A 
Renewable
Wont run out
no fuel cost
no cardon dioxide
Doesn't cause acid rain
26
Q

State the disadvantages of wind

A

Unreliable
Visual pollution
Noise pollution
Don’t get much energy so need a large area of wind turbines

27
Q

State the advantages of hydroelectric

A 
Short start up time
Renewable
Wont run out
no fuel cost
no cardon dioxide
Doesn't cause acid rain
28
Q

Disadvantages of hydroelectric

A

Expensive to buy the dam
Flooding of surrounding areas
Damage to animal habitats

29
Q

Advantages of geothermal

A 
Short start up time
Renewable
Wont run out
Low fuel cost
no cardon dioxide
Doesn't cause acid rain
30
Q

Disadvantages of geothermal

A

Expensive to drill

Only suitable in certain locations

31
Q

Advantages of wave power

A 
Renewable
Wont run out
Low fuel cost
no cardon dioxide
Doesn't cause acid rain
32
Q

Disadvantages of wave power

A

Unreliable
Difficult to maintain and repair
Restricts shipping lanes

33
Q

Advantages of tidal

A 
Reliable - as tides can be predicted
Renewable
Wont run out
Low fuel cost
no cardon dioxide
Doesn't cause acid rain
34
Q

Disadvantages of tidal

A

Difficult to maintain and repair

Restricts shipping lanes

35
Q

Advantages of Biomass

A

Reliable
Renewable
Carbon neutral

36
Q

Disadvantages of Biomass

A

Release carbon dioxide

Take up land which can be used for crops

37
Q

What are the nine types of energy?

A

Kinetic, sound, light, thermal, electrical, gravitational potential, elastic potential (strain), chemical, nuclear

38
Q

What is ‘wasted energy’?

A

Energy that is transformed to either the wrong place or the wrong form

39
Q

What is ‘useful energy’?

A

The energy transformed to where it is wanted in the form wanted

40
Q

If energy can not be created or destroyed why are we concerned with waster energy?

A

A lot of energy is wasted as thermal which dissipated and spreads out to the surroundings. This energy becomes so spread out it can’t be reused usefully again.

41
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A

Work done = force x distance in direction of force

42
Q

What is the relationship between work done and energy transferred

A

Work done = energy transferred

Y12 Applied Chem (9 decks)

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