1 Atomic Structure - Atomic Model

Question 1

Define atom

Answer 1

The smallest part of an element that can still be recognised as that element

Question 2

Define element

Answer 2

A substance made of only one type of atom

Question 3

Define compound

Answer 3

A substance made of two or more different atoms chemically bonded together

Question 4

Define molecule

Answer 4

A substance made of more than one atom chemically bonded together (can be atoms of the same type!)

Question 5

Define mixture

Answer 5

A substance made of more than one thing not chemically bonded together

Question 6

State the three subatomic particles

Answer 6

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 7

State the masses of the subatomic particles

Answer 7

Protons: 1, neutrons: 1, electrons: 0

Question 8

State the relative charges of the subatomic particles

Answer 8

Protons: +1, neutrons: 0, electrons: -1

Question 9

How are the subatomic particles arranged in an atom? (3 marks)

Answer 9

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbiting in shells

Question 10

What is the atomic number of an atom?

Answer 10

The number of protons in an atom

Question 11

What is the mass number of an atom?

Answer 11

The number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom

Question 12

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 12

Mass number - atomic number

Question 13

How are the electrons arranged in atoms?

Answer 13

Orbiting the nucleus in shells

Question 14

How many electrons can go in an s sub-shell

Answer 14

2

Question 15

How many electrons can go in an p sub-shell

Answer 15

6

Question 16

How many electrons can go in an d sub-shell

Answer 16

10

Question 17

what is the electronic configuration of potassium

Answer 17

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

Question 18

electronic configuration of Calcium

Answer 18

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2

Question 19

Where are neutrons found?

Answer 19

In the nucleus

Question 20

Where are protons found?

Answer 20

In the nucleus

Question 21

Where are electrons found?

Answer 21

Orbiting the nucleus in shells

Question 22

If an element has an atomic number of 6, what does this tell you about the atom?

Answer 22

There are 6 protons in the nucleus

Question 23

An element has a mass number of 23 and a mass number of 11. How many protons are there? How many neutrons are there?

Answer 23

11 protons, 12 neutons

Question 24

How does an atom become a positive ion?

Answer 24

loses an electron

Question 25

How does an atom become a negative ion?

Answer 25

Gains an electron

Question 26

The same element must always have the same number of...?

Answer 26

Protons

Question 27

What is the majority of the mass of an atom?

Answer 27

The nucleus, as the mass of an electron is almost zero compared to the mass of protons and neutrons

Question 28

What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?

Answer 28

In a compound the elements are chemically bonded. They are not chemically bonded in a mixture

Question 29

How can an atom become and ion with a 2+ charge?

Answer 29

Loses two electrons

Question 30

Explain the overall charge on an atom.

Answer 30

The overall charge will be neutral as there are the same number of protons (with a positive charge) as electrons (with a negative charge). Making the atom have no overall charge.

Question 31

What does the state symbol (s) mean?

Answer 31

The substance is solid

Question 32

What does the state symbol (l) mean?

Answer 32

The substance is liquid

Question 33

What does the state symbol (g) mean?

Answer 33

The substance is a gas

Question 34

What does the state symbol (aq) mean?

Answer 34

The substance is aqueous

Question 35

What is an isotope

Answer 35

same element but with different number of neutrons

Question 36

What is the electronic configuration on Copper

Answer 36

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10