Energy, Metabolism, and Nutrients Flashcards
How many ATP molecules does PCr breakdown produce?
1 ATP molecule
How many ATP molecules does anaerobic glycolysis produce (glucose and glycogen?
Glucose - 2 ATP
Glycogen - 3 ATP
How many ATP molecules does aerobic breakdown of glucose produce?
36 ATP
How many ATP molecules does aerobic breakdown of palmitate produce?
130 ATP
What impact does increasing exercise intensity have on ATP, PCr, and lactate?
ATP- stays the same
PCr - decreases
Lactate - increases
As sprint duration increases (0-30 secs), what happens to the source of energy ?(graph)
- ATP levels decrease gradually
- PCr levels decrease
- Glycolysis stays roughly the same (slight decrease).
Mean power reduces accordingly with a decrease in anaerobic ATP utilization.
After how long is carb ingestion needed to maintain blood glucose and carb oxidation?
2hrs exercise
What are typical blood glucose stores for a 70kg man?
3-5g
What are typical liver glycogen stores for a 70kg man?
80-100g
What are typical muscle glycogen stores for a 70kg man?
300-400g
Approx 1500-2000 kcal = 6000-8000 kJ. Therefore 1 kcal = ?kJ
1kcal = 4.184 kJ
What are typical adipose tissue stores for a 70kg man?
3.5-14 kg
What are typical muscle triglyceride stores for a 70kg man?
200-500g
What are typical adipose tissue stores for a 70kg man?
3.5-14kg
Is carbohydrate considered essential?
No - due to gluconeogenesis.
What % of energy intake should carbs be?
60%
What is the difference between short, medium, and long chain FA?
–Short chain (SCFA; C6 or less)
–Medium chain (MCFA; C8-C10)
–Long chain (LCFA; C12 or more)
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Unsaturated FA have 1 or more double bonds, saturated have no double bonds.
What % of energy intake should fats be?
30%
What % of energy intake should protein be?
10%
What makes a protein ‘complete’?
A complete protein contains all 9 essential amino acids.
What are the general dietary guidelines (not athletes) based on a 2000 kcal diet (include all macronutrients)?
Fat - <65g (<20g saturated)
Carbs - 300g
Fibre - 25g
Protein - 50g
What % of human body is water, and how much is found in cells, and extracellular?
60%
- 2/3 found in cells
- 1/3 extracellular
What are the functions of water in the body?
– Nutrient transport
– Protection
– Temperature regulation
– Biochemical reactions
– Medium for reaction
