Energy, Metabolism And Homeostasis Flashcards
What a the di bee kin en and pot en?
1 kin en is energy required to make a mouvement example of active transport where a protein need to oxydize ATP mo to pomp mo against their gradient
Pot en is stored en ex of food (glucose )- breaking down glucose into smaller part release en - in general breaking chem bonds produce en
How does organisme capture or make energy from chem rxn?
2 organism use biological rxn like
Anabolic rxn to make large mo from small ones- store energy
Catabolic rxn to break down large mo into small ones- release en
Redox rxn;
Oxydation release energy losing H
Réduction capture en Gaining H
Compare endergonic and exergonic rxns.
dG= dH-dS*T
dG useful en/ ds lost en/ dH total en
Dg<0 = exergonic rxn = the en of reac> products spontaneous
Release en
DG > 0= endergonic rxn= the en of prod> en of rea not spontaneous
en required by reactants to make the rxn possible
How does the celle couple endergonic and exergonic rxns to survive?
4 The celle uses the en produced in exergonic to fuel endergonic rxn
Example of ATP
When a phosphate groupe is deprecated in ATP( exergonic rxn) - ADP- ++energy released cause phosphate is - and is placed next to 2 other phos- this en can be used to produce to regenerate ATP ( endergonic rxn)
What the characteristics of enzymes?
How do they work?
How they affect the Ea and rate?
What factors affects it s activity?
5 enzymes catalyse rxn/speed up the rxn rate and are not consumed in the process. Enzyme don’t appear the overall rxn equation
6 Enzyme are made for specific substrate
Ex ATP Synthase fits ADP group and phosphate one- push them closer and closer- Ea decreases- ATP
7 In exergonic rxn Ea decreases when rxn catalysed
In endergonic rxn Ea also decrease
The rate can be controlled in dif ways:
• Allosteric inhibition: inhibitors binds to enzyme- change the enzyme’s active site which no longer fits the substrate = slow down rxn rate
• Allosteric Activation activator bind to protein - that allows it’s active site to fit the substrate
= speed up rxn rate
• celles con controls how many inhibitors and activators are produced
• activator and inhibitor bind to the allosteric site
•competitive inhibitors: competitive inhibitors take the place of substrate in active site
If there asr com inhibitors as the con of substrat increase the rate increase cause substrate is competing to fit the active site
8 Enzymes are very efficient only in some temperature ph
How + or - feedback helps the cell maintain homeostasis?
- feedbacks helps the cell maintain homeostasis as it counteract any changes. Ex T gluscose level … when the level of glucose rises in the blood, insuline is released by pancreatic beta cells, to bring it down to normal rang. When the level of glucose goes down the pancreatic alpha cells release the hormone glucagon which send signal to cell to use the stored glucogene.
+ feedbacks increase the change. Ex of blood clotting -> more platelets are attracted to the injured site until the clot covers enough the sit.
What source do autotrophs, heterotrophs, producers, photoautotrophs use?
Autotrophs (producers)use en from chem bonds or sunlight to make organic compounds
-> plants that uses photosynthesis sunlight are called photoautotrophs
Heterotrophs ( consumers) use living things to get the organic compounds necessary to their life.
What source do autotrophs, heterotrophs, producers, photoautotrophs use?
Autotrophs (producers)use en from chem bonds or sunlight to make organic compounds
-> plants that uses photosynthesis sunlight are called photoautotrophs
Heterotrophs ( consumers) use living things to get the organic compounds necessary to their life.
