Energy/Metabolism

Question 1

Define Energy

Answer 1

The ability to do work

Question 2

Where does energy come from?

Answer 2

Breakdown of nutrients from Food

Question 3

Name three types of Energy

Answer 3

Chemical, Thermal and Mechanical

Question 4

What is an example of thermal energy?

Answer 4

Tempurature homeostasis

Question 5

How is food a chemical energy?

Answer 5

It’s stored between bonds in atoms

Question 6

How does Chemical energy power muscle contractions?

Answer 6

Chemical Energy from Protients, fats etc gets turned into ATP. ATP powers muscle contractions

Question 7

Can energy be destroyed?

Answer 7

No, only change form

Question 8

Whats the difference between potential and Kinetic energy?

Answer 8

Potential has the potiential to do work VS. Kinetic is the forms of energy in motion

Question 9

How many kj is 1 Caleries worth?

Answer 9

4.18 kj

Question 10

Define Metabolism

Answer 10

Chemical reactions happening in body

Question 11

Factors that increase Basal metabolic rate?

Answer 11

Pregnancy, Hormones, Stress

Question 12

Factors that decrease basal metabolic rate?

Answer 12

Fasting, Ambient Temp (Hypothermia), Sleep

Question 13

What is Total Metabolic Rate?

Answer 13

Basal/Resting + energy output from physcial activity in 24 hr period

Question 14

Whats the difference between basal and resting rate?

Answer 14

Basal is standard measure

Resting is energy cost at rest to perform essentials e.g. breathing

Question 15

Acceptable Macronutrient distribution ranges are…

Answer 15

45% - 65% kj from Carbohydrates
15% - 25% kj from Protien
20% - 35% kj from fat
< 10% from saturated & trans fats

Question 16

What does AMDR stand for?

Answer 16

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

Question 17

As energy comes from the breakdown of nutrients…

How much kj’s per gram is from each nutrient?

Answer 17

Carbohyrates 17kj/g 4cal
Protein 17kj/g 4cal
Fats 37kj/g 9cal
Alcohol 29kj/g 7cal

Question 18

Basal Metablic Rate (BMR)

Answer 18

Standard measure of RMR

Needs to be restedm inactive but awake to measure

Question 19

Resting Metabolic Rate

Answer 19

Energy cost at rest to perform only essential activites

Question 20

Total Metabolic Rate

Answer 20

BMR/RMR + Energy output from physicla activity (in 24hour period)

Question 21

Metabolic Rate

Answer 21

Rate of energy output by the body

Question 22

Two deteminants of BMR/RMR

Answer 22

Muscle Mass, Body surface area

Question 23

How do you measure energy output

Answer 23

Direct Calormetry

Indirect Calormetry

Question 24

Average MJ of energy for an adult (Per day)

Answer 24

8-10 MJ

Question 25

How to calculate energy per serve

Answer 25

1. Convert energy per serve into mj

2. Answer divided by 10 x 100

Question 26

How to calculate a macronutrient from a label

Answer 26

1. Gram of product (e.g fat) x number of kilojoule per gram that the nutrient gives.
2. Answer + Energy total

e.g. 5.5g fat x 37 = 203kj
203kj divided by 528 (total energy of product)
= 38%