Energy & Metabolism 4

Question 1

Describe the absorptive state of metabolism

Answer 1

• when a meal is digested & nutrients are absorbed into the blood
• typical meal intake takes 4 hours to digest
• if we eat 3 meals a day = 12 hours/day, body is in absorption state

Question 2

Describe the post-absorptive state of metabolism

Answer 2

• in the fasting state following absorption when nutrients have been stored and are being used for biological processes in the body

Question 3

explain carbohydrate glycogen

Answer 3

muscle glycogen ‘on site’ source of glucose for contracting muscles

Question 4

Define fats

Answer 4

• most concentrated energy store
• energy from fat much higher than from carbs or protein
• 50% of fat storage = subcutaneous tissue

Question 5

Define lipogenesis

Answer 5

• multiple pathways whereby ingested glucose, FAs, AAs are converted to fats

Question 6

Define proteins

Answer 6

• forms all protein structures, including functional molecules
• transcription/ translation

Question 7

Describe hormone control - anabolic hormones

Answer 7

• insulin is released in response to elevated blood glucose
• promotes glucose uptake into cells
• inhibits glycogenolysis

Question 8

what are catabolic hormones

Answer 8

• Glucagon
• Adrenaline
• Cortisol
• Thyroid hormone

Question 9

Define the hormone glucagon

Answer 9

• promotes glucose release in cell
• inhibits glycogenesis
• promotes lipolysis
• promotes protein catabolism

Question 10

Define adrenaline

Answer 10

• released in response to stress and prolonged exercise
• increase gluconeogenesis
• increase lipolysis

Question 11

Define cortisol

Answer 11

• released in response to long-term & prolonged exercise
• increase gluconeogenesis
• increase protein catabolism

Question 12

Define thyroid hormone

Answer 12

• changes in response to exercise
• increase lipolysis - B oxidation
• increase glycogenolysis & gluconeogensis