Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiological Ecology > Energy Metabolism > Flashcards

Energy Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of energy?

A
  • Potential
  • Kinetic
  • Chemical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does energy come from?

A

Sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is energy derived from the sun?

A
  • Plants photosynthesise sun’s energy (chlorophyll absorbs energy, synthesises H2O & CO2)
  • Animals feed on these plants or other animals that have eaten the plant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why do animals need energy?

A
  • Maintenance
  • Growth & synthesis
  • Activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 main chemical molecules that break down to produce energy?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fatty acids
  • Proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to the 3 main molecules to produce energy?

A
  • They are oxidised (kreb’s cycle & electron transport chain)
  • Produces H2O, CO2, heat & chemical energy in the form of high energy phosphate bonds in ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is ATP? What is it made up of?

A
  • Adenosine triphosphote
  • Source of energy for use & storage at the cellular level
  • Adenine base, ribose sugar & 3 bonded phosphate groups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is energy metabolism?

A

The overall use of ATP by an animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is metabolic rate?

A

Amount of energy used per unit time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules (J) or kilojoules (kJ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the basal metabolic rate?

A

The lowest level of metabolic rate of an animal at rest in a post-absorptive state within its thermal neutral zone (can’t be using energy to generate heat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What doesn’t rely on the sun for energy?

A
  • Chemoautotrophic bacteria & algae
  • Hydrothermal vent organisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do hydrothermal vents & chemoautotrophicbacteria/algae obtain energy?

A
  • Oxidation of inorganic compounds
  • Animals that eat these compounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are ectotherms?

A

Organisms that depend on external sources for temperature regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 main ways of measuring energy metabolism?

A
  • Direct calorimetry
  • Indirect calorimetry
  • Doubly labelled water
17
Q

What is direct colorometry?

A

Measures heat production

18
Q

What is indirect colorometry?

A

Measures gas exchange: oxygen consumption & carbon dioxide production

19
Q

Why is it useful to use oxygen consumption to measure metabolic rate?

A

Litre of O2 consumed is the same irrespective of the substrate oxidised (i.e. carb/protein/fat etc)

20
Q

What is the disadvantage of using Carbon dioxide as a measure of metabolic rate?

A
  • Large amounts of CO2 stored in blood as bicarbonate
  • During anaerobic metabolism, lactic acid in blood flushes CO2 into lungs, where it exhaled
  • Not reliable if doing a single measurement as different breathing styles affect how much CO2 is exhaled
21
Q

What can be used to measure field metabolic rates?

A

Doubly-labelled water (dlw)
Animals are injected, released & recaptured to analyse blood

22
Q

What 3 main factors affect rate of energy metabolism?

A
  • Climate (temperature)
  • Body size
  • Activity
23
Q

Describe the relationship between energy expenditure & size of an animal

A

Total energy expenditure increases as size of animal increases

24
Q

How are relative metabolic rates measured?

A
  • Mass-specific oxygen consumption (oxygen consumed per unit body mass)
25
Q

What is doubly-labelled water?

A
  • Uses D2 18O to measure field metabolic rates
  • animals injected with DLW, released, recaptured+ blood analysed
  • The difference in elimination rates of isotopes is a measure of carbon dioxide production
26
Q

What is the mouse-to-elephant curve?

A

Larger animals consume less oxygen per gram body mass than smaller animals

27
Q

Why do smaller mammals need to eat their own body weight?

A

Consume oxygen at a much faster rate
Example of scaling

28
Q

Describe what is meant by the following equation:

M = aW b

A

M= metabolic rate
W= animal’s mass
a= constant
b= slope of line (increase in metabolic rate per unit increase in mass)
Relationship between metabolic rate & body mass

29
Q

Why do small mammals have higher mass-specific metabolic rates than large mammals?

A
  • Small mammals have a high SA:V
  • Need to produce more heat to compensate for heat loss
30
Q

What is the kleiber relationship?

A

Relationship between mass & metabolic rate of 0.75

31
Q

What are the products of oxidation of food?

A

CO2, H2O, energy & heat

32
Q

Why is fat such a useful energy store?

A

Because it has a high energy yield (39kJ/g)

Physiological Ecology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions