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AP Biology > Energy Metabolism > Flashcards

Energy Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Use of light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbs for food and building material. (6CO2+12H2O+light -> C6H1206+6CO2+6H20)
- photophosphorylation and CBB

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2
Q

Where does photophosphorylation occur?

A

Thylakoid membrane
- eukaryotes: chloroplasts
- prokaryotes: cytoplasm

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3
Q

What are the reactants of photophosphorylation?

A

Main: Light energy
-Light energy + water

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4
Q

What are the products of photophosphorylation?

A

Main: ATP and NADPH
-Oxygen (by-product)

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5
Q

Where does the CBB cycle occur?

A

Eukaryotes: chloroplasts
Prokaryotes: cytoplasm

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6
Q

What are the reactants of the CBB cycle?

A

Main: ATP and NADPH
- RuBP; CO2

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7
Q

What are the products of the CBB cycle?

A

Main: Carbs
- RuBP; H2O

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8
Q

Cellular/Aerobic respiration

A

Using oxygen for the complete and controlled breakdown of food molecules for conversion into ATP (C6H12O6+6O2-> 6CO2+ 6H2O+ ATP+Thermal energy)
-Glycolysis; Kreb’s prestep; Kreb’s cycle; Oxidative phosphorylation

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9
Q

Where does Glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm (all cells)

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10
Q

What are the reactants of Glycolysis?

A

Main: Glucose
- 2ATP

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11
Q

What are the products of Glycolysis?

A

Main: Pyruvate
- 2NADH; 2H+; 2ATP; 2H2O

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12
Q

Where does Kreb’s perstep occur?

A

Eukaryotes: Matrix (inner membrane) of the mitochondria
Prokaryotes: Cytoplasm

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13
Q

What are the reactants of Kreb’s prestep?

A

Main: Pyruvate
- Coenzyme A (CoA)

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14
Q

What are the products of Kreb’s prestep?

A

Main: Acetyl-CoA
- NADH; CO2

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15
Q

Where does Kreb’s cycle occur?

A

Eukaryotes: Matrix of the mitochondria
Prokaryotes: Cytoplasm

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16
Q

What are the reactants of Kreb’s cycle?

A

Main: Acetyl-CoA
- 3H2O; oxaloacetate

17
Q

What are the products of Kreb’s cycle?

A

Main: CO2
- oxaloacetate; CoA; ATP; NADH; 3H+; FADH2

18
Q

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

A

Eukaryotes: Inner membrane of the mitochondria
Prokaryotes: Respiratory membrane in cytoplasm

19
Q

What are the reactants of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Main: O2
- NADH; FADH2

20
Q

What are the products of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Main: ATP
-H2O

21
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced during oxidative phosphorylation?

A

> 30

22
Q

Fermentation/ Anaerobic respiration

A

An incomplete breakdown of food into ATP. Inefficient, but necessary when no oxygen is present.

23
Q

Lactic acid fermentation

A

Glucose-> 2 lactate+2ATP+2H2O

24
Q

Alcohol fermentation

A

Glucose-> 2 ethanol+2ATP+2H2O

25
Q

How many ATP molecules does fermentation produce?

A

2

26
Q

Pigments

A

Absorbs photons of visible light
-Chlorophyll (green) and carotenoids (reds, oranges, and yellows)

27
Q

What are the most important colors of light for photosynthesis?

A

Red and blue

28
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

A

endergonic (absorbs energy)

29
Q

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

A

The ‘wire’ that transports electrons through the membrane

30
Q

Why is water important for photosynthesis?

A

Donates electrons for ETC; releases H+ (used to create a concentration gradient when some are used for NADPH and ATP through transporter proteins)

31
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

a process carried out by prokaryotes when there is no sunlight. It is the synthesis of carbs from carbon dioxide using energy in the bonds of inorganic molecules.
- Ex. 6CO2+H2O+3H2S->C6H12O6+3H2SO

AP Biology (10 decks)

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