Energy Metabolism Flashcards
Photosynthesis
Use of light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbs for food and building material. (6CO2+12H2O+light -> C6H1206+6CO2+6H20)
- photophosphorylation and CBB
Where does photophosphorylation occur?
Thylakoid membrane
- eukaryotes: chloroplasts
- prokaryotes: cytoplasm
What are the reactants of photophosphorylation?
Main: Light energy
-Light energy + water
What are the products of photophosphorylation?
Main: ATP and NADPH
-Oxygen (by-product)
Where does the CBB cycle occur?
Eukaryotes: chloroplasts
Prokaryotes: cytoplasm
What are the reactants of the CBB cycle?
Main: ATP and NADPH
- RuBP; CO2
What are the products of the CBB cycle?
Main: Carbs
- RuBP; H2O
Cellular/Aerobic respiration
Using oxygen for the complete and controlled breakdown of food molecules for conversion into ATP (C6H12O6+6O2-> 6CO2+ 6H2O+ ATP+Thermal energy)
-Glycolysis; Kreb’s prestep; Kreb’s cycle; Oxidative phosphorylation
Where does Glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm (all cells)
What are the reactants of Glycolysis?
Main: Glucose
- 2ATP
What are the products of Glycolysis?
Main: Pyruvate
- 2NADH; 2H+; 2ATP; 2H2O
Where does Kreb’s perstep occur?
Eukaryotes: Matrix (inner membrane) of the mitochondria
Prokaryotes: Cytoplasm
What are the reactants of Kreb’s prestep?
Main: Pyruvate
- Coenzyme A (CoA)
What are the products of Kreb’s prestep?
Main: Acetyl-CoA
- NADH; CO2
Where does Kreb’s cycle occur?
Eukaryotes: Matrix of the mitochondria
Prokaryotes: Cytoplasm
What are the reactants of Kreb’s cycle?
Main: Acetyl-CoA
- 3H2O; oxaloacetate
What are the products of Kreb’s cycle?
Main: CO2
- oxaloacetate; CoA; ATP; NADH; 3H+; FADH2
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
Eukaryotes: Inner membrane of the mitochondria
Prokaryotes: Respiratory membrane in cytoplasm
What are the reactants of oxidative phosphorylation?
Main: O2
- NADH; FADH2
What are the products of oxidative phosphorylation?
Main: ATP
-H2O
How many ATP molecules are produced during oxidative phosphorylation?
> 30
Fermentation/ Anaerobic respiration
An incomplete breakdown of food into ATP. Inefficient, but necessary when no oxygen is present.
Lactic acid fermentation
Glucose-> 2 lactate+2ATP+2H2O
Alcohol fermentation
Glucose-> 2 ethanol+2ATP+2H2O
How many ATP molecules does fermentation produce?
2
Pigments
Absorbs photons of visible light
-Chlorophyll (green) and carotenoids (reds, oranges, and yellows)
What are the most important colors of light for photosynthesis?
Red and blue
What type of reaction is photosynthesis?
endergonic (absorbs energy)
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
The ‘wire’ that transports electrons through the membrane
Why is water important for photosynthesis?
Donates electrons for ETC; releases H+ (used to create a concentration gradient when some are used for NADPH and ATP through transporter proteins)
Chemosynthesis
a process carried out by prokaryotes when there is no sunlight. It is the synthesis of carbs from carbon dioxide using energy in the bonds of inorganic molecules.
- Ex. 6CO2+H2O+3H2S->C6H12O6+3H2SO
