Chemistry Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Exergonic

A

A reaction that releases free energy

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2
Q

Exothermic

A

A reaction that releases thermal energy

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3
Q

Endergonic

A

A reaction that uses more free energy that it releases

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4
Q

Endothermic

A

A reaction that absorbs thermal energy

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5
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element that differ in number of neutrons and, therefore, mass

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6
Q

Isomers

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula, but with a different arrangement of atoms (alpha-glucose v. beta-glucose)

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7
Q

Covalent bonds

A

When atoms share pairs of electrons
- single, double, or triple covalent bonds

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8
Q

Polar v.s Non-polar

A

Polar: Unequal sharing of electrons
Non-polar: Equal sharing of electrons

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9
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

Transfer of electrons from one atoms to another
- Columns 1 and 2 give electrons
- Columns 3-8 gain electrons

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10
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

An electrostatic attraction between molecules that contain a partially positive hydrogen covalently bonded to any electronegative atom.

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11
Q

Van der waals interaction

A

A temporary electrostatic attraction between two nonpolar molecules in close proximity due to random fluctuations in electron distribution where oppositely charged sides of molecules line up.

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12
Q

Synthesis

A

Multiple reactants react to form a single, more complex product
- There may be by products

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13
Q

Decomposition

A

A single reactant breaks down into multiple simpler substances
- May have help with oxygen

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14
Q

Why do atoms bond?

A

For stability (to reach the lowest energy state they can).

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15
Q

Cation

A

Ion with a positive charge

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16
Q

Anion

A

Ion with a negative charge

17
Q

How strong are each of the types of bonds in relation to each other?

A
  1. Covalent (Polar being slightly stringer than non-polar)
  2. Ionic
  3. Hydrogen
  4. Van der waals