Energy in Cells Flashcards
what is metabolism
set of processes which drive energy and raw material production from food stuff to sustain life
what are catabolic reactions
ones that break down big molecules into smaller ones, releasing ATP
what are anabolic pathways
ones that synthesise larger cell components from intermediates using ATP
what is oxidation
loss of an electron or H atom
what is reduction
gain of an electron
true or false catabolic reactions are oxidative
true as they release H atoms
what is energy
the capacity to do work
what unit is energy measured in
joules
how many joules in 1 Kcal
4.20
true or false; carbohydrate contain the most energy
false, its actually fat
what type of energy is the main form of energy in cells
energy from the breaking of chemical bonds
what are exergonic reactions
reactions that release energy
what are endergonic reactions
reactions that produce energy
true or false; exergonic reactions have a negative change in free energy
true - this makes them spontaneous
what is NAD short for
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
what is NADP short for
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
what id FAD short for
Favin adenine dinucleotide
what do hydrogen carriers contain components of
b vitamins
how are hydrogen carriers reduced
by the addition of 2 H atoms (although one is then lost)
what is ATP composed of
adenine, ribose sugar and 3 phosphates
what does adenylate kinase catalyse
2ADP –> ATP + AMP
true or false; ATP, NADPH, NADH, FAD2H are high energy signal
true. these will cause an increase in anabolic processes to reduce to energy levels
what does creatine kinase catalyse
the transferring of a phosphate group from ATP to creatine to give phosphocreatine. It also catalyses the reverse
why does creatine kinase produce phosphocreatine
to store energy when there are high levels of ATP
what can creatine kinase be used to check for
myocardial infarctions
what is creatinine
the breakdown product of creatine in a spontaneous reaction which is then excreted in the kidneys
what is the concentration of creatinine in the kidneys proportional to
the muscle mass
true or false; creatine kinase can be used to see the dilution of the urine
true
