Energy from Respiration Flashcards
Which organisms carry out aerobic respiration and how frequently?
Animals and plants
It takes place in them continually
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water
Where do most of the chemical reactions of aerobic respiration take place and what are they controlled by?
In the mitocondria
They are controlled by enzymes
What might the energy released by aerobic respiration be used for?
- To build larger molecules from smaller ones
- Enable muscle contraction in animals
- Maintain a constant body temperature in colder surroundings in mammals and birds
- Build sugars, nitrates, and other nutrients into amino acids and then make proteins in plants
What do investigations investigating aerobic respiration usually measure and how?
They usually measure the volume of carbon dioxide produced
Limewater is used to detect carbon dioxide - it turns cloudy
The quicker it becomes cloudy, the faster carbon dioxide is being produced, and therefore the faster aerobic respiration is taking place
Aside from measuring carbon dioxide levels, what else can be detected when aerobic respiration is taking place?
A rise in temperature
If germinating peas are left in a thermos flask, the rise in temperature due to aerobic respiration can be monitored
Complete the sentence:
When you exercise, your muscles…
…need more energy so they can contract more
What happens when you exercise?
You need to increase the rate at which oxygen and glucose reach the muscle cells for aerobic respiration
You also need to remove the extra waste carbon dioxide more quickly
What does you body do when you exercise to increase the rate at which aerobic respiration can take place and to allow it to take place?
- Heart rate increases and the blood vessels supplying the muscles dilate
- This allows more oxygenated blood containing glucose to reach the muscles
- Your breathing rate and depth of each breath increases
- This allows a greater uptake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide from the lungs
How can glycogen be used during exercise?
Muscles store glucose as glycogen
It can then be converted back into glucose during exercise
What will happen if you use your muscles over a long period?
They will get fatigued and stop contracting efficiently
What happens when your muscles cannot get enough oxygen for aerobic respiration?
They use anaerboic respiration
(This litterally means without-air respiration: an = without, aerobis = air/oxygen)
What happens during anaerobic respiration?
The glucose is not completely broken down, producing lactic acid
This means less energy is released from the glucose then in aerobic respiration
What does lactic acid cause and how can it be removed?
It is one of the causes of muscle fatigue
It is removed by blood flowing through the muscles
