Energy for exercise Flashcards
ATP-PC System ( SAETPN)
Sarcoplasm
Anaerobic
enzyme is creatine kinase
2-10 s
readily available
Low yield
Glycolytic system ( SAETPN)
Sarcoplasm
Anerobic
enzyme - PFK
up to 3 mins
provides energy for high intensity
bi product of LA
Aerobic system ( SAETPN)
Sarcoplasm , Matrix , Cristae
Aerobic
PFK - AcetylCOa
High yield
slow energy production
Start of aerobic system
Glycogen - Glucouse - Pyvuric Acid - Acetyl COa
Krebs Cycle
Acetyl COa- Oxoacetic acid - citric acid - hydrogen - c02
Electron transport chain
Hydrogen + oxygen - water = 34 ATP
ATP -PC resynthesis
50% in 30s , 100% in 2-3 mins
oxygen debt
volume of 02 consumed after exercise to return to pre exercise state
EPOC
Excess post exercise oxygen consumption
2 stages of EPOC
Fast alactacid , slow lactacid
Fast Alactacid - 10% of total EPOC (3-4L of 02)
resynthesise PC - 3 min for 100% - 50% 30s ( 3-4L 02 )
Replenish haemoglobin + myoglobin - oxygen associates with haemoglobin and oxymyoglobin in muscles
Slow lactacid ( 5-8L of 02)
Elevated circulation+ ventilation - keep 02 to muscles to get rid of LA
Elevated body temp - increases metabolic rate
Removal of LA- 50-75% put into pyvuric acid and krebs cycle
10-25% glucouse and glycogen
converted into protein
sweated or pissed out
EPOC -Work - Relief ratio
athlete can maximise recovery
High intensity - 1;3 so ATP can replenish
Speed endurance - 1;2 to improve buffering capacity
Aerobic - 1;1 to delay OBLA
EPOC -A warm up will
incrase 02 delivery
EPOC -cooling aids help
removal of LA
ATP is
the only useable source of energy in the human body
made up of 1 adensophine and 3 phosphate molecules which are held together by high energy phosphate bonds
ATPase
an enzyme that causes molecules to split
ATP-PC - Exothermic reaction
ATP - ADP + P + Energy
ATP-PC - Endothermic reaction
Energy+ P + ADP - ATP
strengths and weaknesses of ATP-PC system
- no delay for 02
- PC readily available
- no fatiguing bi-products
- low yield
- small PC stores lead to rapid fatigue
strengths and weaknesses of glycolytic system
- no delay for 02
- large stores in liver and muscles
- provides energy for high intensity activities
- LA produced
-low yield with lengthy recovery
strengths and weaknesses of Aerobic system
- large fuels
- high ATP yield
- long duration
- no bi-products
- slow energy production
- delay for 02 delivery
Glycolytic system
Glucose - Glycogen - Pyruvic acid - Pyvuric acid
PFK
enzyme that breaks glucose into pyruvic acid - produces 2 ATP
LDH
enzyme that breaks down pyruvic acid into lactic acid if no 02 is available
Krebs cycle - stage 1
Acetyl COA combines with oxaloacetic acid to produce citric acid
Krebs cycle - stage 2
citric acid is oxidised and C02 is released as a bi product - 2ATP released
Krebs cycle - stage 3
hydrogen atoms are removed from the compound and transported to the kristae by hydrogen carriers - NAD and FAD
The electron transport chain
hydrogen atoms are carried along cristae and split into ions and electrons
ions are oxidised
hydrogen ions carried by NAD - release 30 ATP
hydrogen ions carried by FAD release 4 ATP
energy source for ATP-PC
phosphocreatine
energy source for glycolitic system
glycogen/glucouse
enegry source for aerobic
glycogen/fat
Intermittent exercise
when an athlete witches between energy systems during exercise
Intermittent exercise - football midfield example
- driving past a defender - ATP/PC
- if over 10s - glycolitic would come into play
- aerobic system to dribble up pitch
factors affecting duration and effectiveness of recovery
- position
- tactics
- level of competition
- structure of game
glycolytic system recovery time
can take 2+hrs to recover
replenishment required after intense training
- ATP/PC stores replenished
- LA removal
- glycogen stores replenished
- 02 in myoglobin replenished
- electrolyte imbalances adjusted
EPOC -an active cool down
maintains 02 delivery
EPOC -nutrition will
increase caffeine , creatine , protein and carb consumption can aid recovery
EPOC - strategies and tactics
can be manipulated by coach to allow recovery breaks and periods
monitoring training - impact on energy systems
by monitoring HR , intensity of training can be monitored which ensures training is targeted to correct energy system
effect of monitoring - each energy systems effect on the body
v high intensity - increased muscle mass - ATP/PC stores
High intensity - increased buffering capacity
Low intensity - increased V02 max
