Energy Flow, Cells, Pollutants (L4)

Question 1

What is Lindeman;s Progressive energy transfer Efficiency

Answer 1

-ratio of assimilation of energy in 2 adjacent trophic levels (kcal/m^2/yr

e.g I3/I2

Question 2

What the two principal types of systems from an energy standpoint

Answer 2

Basic solar powered system - using entirely direct sun energy and indirect wind energy

Subsidized solar - powered systems - receive energy other than direct solar energy (human subsidized are not sustainable, consuming more energy than renewably captured)

Question 3

what is an organism?

Answer 3

self-contained biological unit that can reproduce and metabolize

Question 4

what are the 4 main parts of the cell and what do they do

Answer 4

cell membrane - boundary system, double layer of phospholibids = impermeable

genetic material - stores info for cell, (blueprints for the operation manual)

cytoplasm - water/salt solution that other parts suspend in (can have other chem compounds from surroundings, can help or suck)

Proteins - forms hair, horns, spider webs
-energy/material storage
-transportation (eg hemoglobin carries O2)
cell movement
chemical catalysis

Question 5

what is catabolism and anabolism

Answer 5

catabolism - chem reactions to generate energy and e- to maintain cell repair and movement, and synthesize new compounds and cells
anabolism - chem reactions to build cell components(synthesis), needs raw materials, e- and energy

Question 6

what is acute toxicity and chronic toxicity

Answer 6

acute - manifest rapidly, due to exposure to high toxic stuff, exposure to large doses of less toxic stuff

chronic - manifest slowly, due to carcinogens, a and human made chemicals that mimic hormones

Question 7

bioaccumulation vs biomagnification

Answer 7

accumulation - toxins gradually taken up by single organism over its life time
magnification - toxins get more concentrated as moves from organism to organism - max contaminant level in prefator =( mass of prey consumes)*(concentration of (contaminent in prey)/ mass of predator

Question 8

What is Global Distillation and how does it connect to DDT?

Answer 8

DDT - chemical used for pesticides, but thinned animal’s eggshells, disrupting ecosystems
- not banned worldwide, so can still find in animals

Global Distillation - when compounds evaporate from warmer climate, travel, condense and precipitate to colder temps

relates to DDT bc transports contaminants around the world