Energy Expenditure

Question 1

Contrast RMR and BMR.

Answer 1

BMR is metabolic rate in a resting, fasted subject not receiving stimuli. RMR is under more realistic resting conditions.

Question 2

What is the BMR commonly assigned to an individual.

Answer 2

For men is 1 Cal/kg-hr, and is slightly less in women.

Question 3

What is indirect calorimetry?

Answer 3

Measured amount of uptook oxygen or released CO2 to determine the Calories expended during a measured period.

Question 4

What is the respiratory quotient definition, and what is it for varying macros?

Answer 4

It is CO2/O2, and gives what proportion of calories comes from fat and carbs.
Carb ratio is 1.0
Fat ratio is 0.71
Protein is 0.82, but is not often measure this way.

Question 5

What are the calories per gram of certain macros?

Answer 5

Carb- 4
Fat- 9
Protein- 4
Ethanol- 7

Question 6

What caloric deficit is one pound of body weight equated to?

Answer 6

3500 Cal.

Question 7

How can you calculate the TEE of healthy individuals?

Answer 7

(BMR x (24 hrs – hr exercising) + (BMR x PAR x hr exercising)) x 1.10
Note the 1.1 comes from energy expenditure from thermos effect from just living.

Question 8

How can the TEE of sick people be calculated?

Answer 8

TEE (if eating) = BMR x Injury Factor x Activity Factor x 1.10 x 24 hrs

TEE (if not eating) = BMR x Injury Factor x Activity Factor x 24 hrs

Note injury factor differs for certain ailments, and if not eating the thermic energy 1.1 is removed.

Question 9

What is the Hamwi method?

Answer 9

A method to determine an individual’s ideal weight based on body measurements.

Question 10

How is BMI measured, and what numbers correspond to what category of weight?

Answer 10

=(weight in kg)/(height in meters squared)
Underweight is <18
Normal is 19-25
Overweight is 25-29.9
Obese is >39

Question 11

What are biochemical measures of individual nutrition in a hospital?

Answer 11

Albumin- Taken at hospital admission to determine nutritional assessment from beforehand.
Prealbumin- Taken while in hospital to monitor nutritional assessment progress.
Transferrin- Cumulative nutritional assessment over a longer time interval the prealbumin.
Hemoglobin- First detected sign of severe protein malnutrition.

Question 12

What are two methods of feeding individuals that cannot eat directly, and which is preferred?

Answer 12

Enteral- Liquid diet fed directly into stomach via a tube, is preferred due to preserving gut integrity.
Parenteral- IV feeding, and cannot contain appropriate amounts of fiber.