Energy Expenditure

Question 0

What is the daily energy expenditure of a male and of a female?

Answer 0

Male - 12,000 kJ

Female - 9,500 kJ

Question 1

What are the three components of of daily energy expenditure?

Answer 1

Basal Metabolic Rate
Voluntary physical activity
Diet-induced thermogenesis

Question 2

What is the BMR

Answer 2

The basal energy required to maintain life

Question 3

Why is fat an essential part of our diet?

Answer 3

Higher energy yield than carbohydrates
Absorption of lipid-soluble vitamins
Need essential fatty acids which cannot be synthesised by the body for cell membranes and regulatory precursors

Question 4

When is nitrogen balance positive?

Answer 4

In pregnant women and children

Question 5

When is nitrogen balance negative?

Answer 5

Starvation and tissue-wasting diseases

Question 6

List some factors that can affect BMR.

Answer 6

Body weight
Gender
Environmental temperature
Factors tending to change body temperature eg fever

Question 7

What should be the daily intake of protein in a male?

Answer 7

~35g

Question 8

List the essential components of a diet.

Answer 8

Fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, fibre, water, protein

Question 9

What is marasmus caused by?

Answer 9

Protein-energy deficiency

Question 10

Is oedema seen in marasmus?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

What is kwashiorkor caused by?

Answer 11

Protein deficiency

Question 12

How is BMI calculated?

Answer 12

Weight (kg) / height squared (m)

Question 13

What BMI value is classified as underweight?

Answer 13

<18.5

Question 14

What BMI range is classified as overweight?

Answer 14

25-29.9

Question 15

What range of BMI is classified as obese?

Answer 15

30-34.9

Question 16

What BMI is classified as severely obese?

Answer 16

35+

Question 17

What is homeostasis?

Answer 17

The control of internal environments within set limits

Question 18

What is malnutrition?

Answer 18

Any condition caused by an imbalance between what an individual eats and what the individual requires to maintain health

Question 19

What is cell metabolism?

Answer 19

The highly integrated of chemical reactions that occur in cells

Question 20

What does cell metabolism provide?

Answer 20

Energy for ATP
Building block molecules for synthesis of cell components
Organic precursor molecules
Biosynthetic reducing power (NADH)

Question 21

What is obesity?

Answer 21

Excess body fat which has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse affect on health leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems.

Question 22

Which process is reductive? Catabolism or anabolism?

Answer 22

Anabolism is reductive

Question 23

What is the biological role of ATP and ADP?

Answer 23

They couple the free energy released in catabolism of fuel molecules to the energy requiring activities of the cell.

Question 24

Is ATP a high or a low energy signal?

Answer 24

A high energy signal because it shows that the cell has enough energy for its immediate needs

Question 25

List some high energy signals

Answer 25

ATP, NADH, NADPH, FAD2H

Question 26

List some low energy signals

Answer 26

ADP and AMP

Question 27

When is creatine phosphate produced?

Answer 27

When ATP levels are high. Produced from creatine

Question 28

How is creatinine produced?

Answer 28

When creatine and creatine phosphate undergo non-enzymatic changes.

Question 29

What can creatinine in the urine be used to measure?

Answer 29

Can indicate skeletal muscle mass and any active muscle wasting. Also used to measure kidney function

Question 30

Is the removal of an H+ reduction or oxidation?

Answer 30

Oxidation

Question 31

Why are proteins essential in the diet?

Answer 31

Provide essential amino acids