Appetite Flashcards
What do primary neurones do?
Sense metabolite levels and respond to hormones
Where is the appetite centre?
The arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus
What do secondary neurones do?
Synthesise input from primary neurones and co-ordinate a response via the vagus nerve.
What do excitatory neurones secrete?
Agouti-related peptide
Neuropeptide Y
What do suppressor neurones secrete?
POMC
What can POMC be broken down into?
Other hormones such as
- beta endorphin
- ACTH
- alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
Which hormone is released from the wall of an empty stomach and how is its release inhibited?
Ghrelin
Stopped when the stomach wall is stretched.
Which hormone is released from the wall of the small intestine and what does it do to appetite?
PPY
Suppresses appetite
Which hormone is released from adipocytes? What does it do?
Leptin
Suppresses appetite
Uncouples electron transport from ATP production so heat is produced
Which hormone is secreted with insulin and what does it do?
Amylin
Suppresses appetite
Slows gastric emptying
Inhibits glucagon secretion
List some symptoms of metabolic syndrome
Insulin resistance Dyslipidaemia Glucose intolerance Hypertension Central adiposity
What are the WHO criteria for metabolic disorder?
Waist:hip ratio >0.9 in men and >0.85 women BMI above 30 Blood pressure >140/90 mmHg Triglycerides >1.7mmol/L HDL cholesterol 7.8mmol/L
What does the Developmental Origins of Health Disease suggest?
That coronary heart disease, hypertension and type 2 diabetes are associated with a low birth weight.
The experience of a foetus in utero during development somehow determines the future health of an individual.
What is an epigenetic trait?
A stably inherited phenotype resulting from changes in a chromosome without alterations in the DNA sequence
What do they think epigenetic is caused by?
May be linked to methylation of DNA at crucial points and altering the histones structure causing suppression of gene transcription targeting the promoter region of specific genes.
