Energy Cycling

Question 1

What does heat from the sun cause?

Answer 1

a. warms atmosphere
b. enables evaporation for water cycle
c. moves air and ocean currents

Question 2

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 2

energy of an object in motion

Question 3

What is potential energy?

Answer 3

stored energy that is available for performing work

Question 4

What are two fundamental rules that govern the use and storage of all energy?

Answer 4

a. Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
i. energy can change forms
b. Energy tends to become disorganized or spread out unless MORE energy is used to prevent it from doing so

Question 5

What keeps bodies organized and functioning?

Answer 5

energy

Question 6

As energy is transferred from one organism to another a portion of that energy is _____ __ ______ _____, and a part of it dissipated as heat to the surrounding air

Answer 6

stored in living tissue

Question 7

What are two major steps of photosynthesis?

Answer 7

a. harvesting energy from sunlight

b. using carbon to generate carbohydrates

Question 8

This is the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 8

gross primary productivity

Question 9

This is the rate that sunlight is converted into energy by plants

Answer 9

primary productivity

Question 10

The rate of energy stored in an ecosystem after accounting for the energy that used by plants is….

Answer 10

net primary productivity

Question 11

This is the stored energy in a given area which includes the energy stored in all organisms

Answer 11

biomass

Question 12

Net primary productivity increases when there is what?

Answer 12

greater rainfall, temperatures, nutrients and length of growing season

Question 13

Which place has high net primary productivity?

Answer 13

tropical rainforest

Question 14

Which place has low net primary productivity?

Answer 14

deserts

Question 15

What are the major controls of primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems?

Answer 15

temperatures, light, and nutrient availability

Question 16

In aquatic ecosystems primary productivity decreases with ……

Answer 16

depth

Question 17

This is free floating algae, portists, and cyanobacteria. The basis of the oceans food web

Answer 17

microscopic phytoplankton

Question 18

What are the two most important nutrients for phytoplankton to grow?

Answer 18

nitrate and phosphate

Question 19

Phytoplankton is replenished during periods of what?

Answer 19

upwelling

Question 20

This is when deep nutrient rich waters are driven to the surface to replace the warmer, nutrient poor surface waters

Answer 20

upwelling

Question 21

This is the process by which microbes create energy by converting carbon molecules and nutrients into organic matter in the absence of sunlight

Answer 21

chemosynthesis

Question 22

Chemosynthesis is the only alternative form of what?

Answer 22

Primary Productivity

Question 23

Unlike younger trees how do older trees store energy?

Answer 23

stems and branches

Question 24

Organisms that can not produce their own food rely on what?

Answer 24

primary producers

Question 25

This is a generation of biomass of heterotrophic organisms

Answer 25

secondary production

Question 26

This species is the most efficient at utilizing energy

Answer 26

invertebrates

Question 27

what animals are inefficient at utilizing energy?

Answer 27

fish, birds, and small mammals

Question 28

This ultimately supplies all energy to an ecosystem

Answer 28

sun