Energy Conservation & Joint Protection

Question 1

What are the 2 main basic components of energy conservation and joint protection?

Answer 1

1. Physiological aspects

2. Biomechanical aspects

Question 2

What are the physiological components of a treatment?

Answer 2

The “unseen” considerations of treatment, such as the amount of cardiovascular stress, muscle fatigue levels, endurance, and amount of total body energy expended.

Question 3

What are the biomechanical components of a treatment?

Answer 3

The amount of biomechanical stress, or external forces applied to a particular area – e.g. gravity, leverage, force required, torque, weight, time

Question 4

What is cardiac output?

Answer 4

The primary indicator of the functional capacity of the circulatory system to meet the demands of physical activity.
HR X SV.

Question 5

What is associated with fatigue during submaximal exercise?

Answer 5

Significant reduction in glycogen leading to nutrient fatigue

Question 6

What is associated with fatigue during short-term maximal exercise?

Answer 6

Oxygen deficiency and increased blood lactate concentrations

Question 7

What is energy conservation?

Answer 7

Preservation of physiological reserves

Question 8

What is 1 MET equivalent to?

Answer 8

The resting oxygen consumption for an average man

Question 9

What are 2 factors of a task that determines energy expenditure?

Answer 9

Intensity

Duration

Question 10

The cost of a particular activity is generally [lower/higher] for an individual who weights more than one who weighs less, especially for what kinds of activities?

Answer 10

Higher

Weight-bearing activities, such as walking and running

Question 11

Heart rate and oxygen consumption tend to be _________ related throughout the aerobic work range.

Answer 11

Linearly

Question 12

What are the 5 components that must be analyzed when considering joint protection?

Answer 12

1. Joint positioning
2. Static or dynamic actions of muscle groups
3. Force, strength required, and strength available
4. Physical properties of the object(s) involved in the task
5. Necessity of the task

Question 13

Generally, which movement of the wrist should be avoided?

Answer 13

Ulnar deviation

Question 14

Generally, where in the ROM of a joint should a movement be happening?

Answer 14

In the middle range; Avoid positions that strain or stress the joints.

Question 15

Should smaller or larger joints be used whenever possible? Why?

Answer 15

Larger joints, as small joints are not as strong.

Question 16

True or False: Rotation during movement should be encouraged.

Answer 16

False. Rotation of any kind should be avoided during an activity, especially tasks requiring force.

Question 17

True or False: Avoid tasks which require extended periods of static positioning.

Answer 17

True. Change position often and rest frequently if unable to avoid.

Question 18

For dynamic activities, how often and how long should rest periods be?

Answer 18

5 minutes every 15 minutes

Question 19

What are some solutions for activities that require more strength than you have?

Answer 19

Gradually build strength
Lose weight if necessary
Explore leverage options and adaptive devices
Modify task and/or object

Question 20

What are the properties of task/object that can be altered for joint protection?

Answer 20

1. Alter the weight
2. Alter the size/grips
3. Alter your ego
4. Alter frequency/rate
5. Modify work space

Question 21

How should work, rest, and play be balanced?

Answer 21

Play should be allocated the most energy, then rest, then work.

Question 22

If a client can only tolerate 3 METS of activity and lives alone, how can you help them?

Answer 22

Assist in planning tasks essential for their total well-being and sustenance within that boundary.
Arrange for assistance beyond what they are able to handle.

Question 23

How can an activity be paced to save energy?

Answer 23

Balance the activity between rest and play.

Pace the activity themselves as well as the rate at which they are performed.

Question 24

How can activities be planned?

Answer 24

1. List daily/weekly/monthly takss and activities, and eliminate or delegate any tasks.
2. Organize the essential tasks in a weekly schedule.
3. Put the essential tasks in order of importance.

Question 25

True or False: It’s better to do heavy tasks all at once.

Answer 25

False. It is energetically less expensive to do ligther work multiple times.

Question 26

What is work simplification?

Answer 26

Being organized and using the easiest method to get tasks done.

Question 27

What are 3 questions that can be asked for work simplification?

Answer 27

1. What is the job? – Is it necessary?
2. Who is the best person to do the task? – Can someone else do it?
3. How can the task be simplified?