Energy, ATP, Enzyme Flashcards
1
Q
Anabolic Reactions
A
- link simple molecules together to make complex ones
- energy storing molecules
- require energy
2
Q
Catabolic Reactions
A
- break down complex molecules into simpler ones
- release energy
3
Q
First Law of Thermodynamics
A
- during any conversion of energy, the total initial energy equals the total final energy.
- Energy is neither created nor destroyed
4
Q
Second Law of Thermoddynamics
A
- Energy spontaneously disperses from being localized to becoming spread out if it is not hindered from doing do (entropy increases)
5
Q
Energy Converions
A
- the dispersion of energy is the driving force for energy conversions
- e,g. chemical reactions only occur if energy disperses into the universe
- Energy transformations always result in a state of higher probability (a more disordered state)
6
Q
Free Energy Change
A
(delta) G = (delta)H - T(delta)S
- if (delta)G is negative, energy is released/dispersed (disorder i created in the universe
- If (delta)G is positive, energy is required
7
Q
Exergonic Reaction
A
- spontaneous, -(delta)G
8
Q
Endergonic Reaction
A
- nonspontaneous, +(delta)G
9
Q
How do cells transfer energy?
A
- all living cells use adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for capture, transfer, and storage of energy
- some free energy released by exergonic reactions is captured by ATP, which can then drive endergonic reactions
10
Q
Why is ATP useful?
A
- useful as energy currency
- its (delta)G is intermediate between what you gain in respiration and what you expend in anabolism
11
Q
How can the direction of a reaction be predicted?
A
- if (deltaG) is known, but not the rate of reaction
- many exergonic reactions occur immeasurably slow (which is good)
12
Q
What is activation energy?
A
- is the energy needed to put molecules into a transition state
- Ex: exergonic reactions proceed only after the addition of a small amount of added energy
