Energy & Atmosphere Flashcards
What is the ANSI? What does it stand for?
American national standards institute: the organization that oversees the creation, promulgation, and use of thousands of standards and guidelines that directly impact businesses in nearly every sector. ANSI is also actively engaged in accrediting programs that assess conformance to standards, including globally recognized cross-sector programs such as the ISO 9000 (quality) and ISO 14000 (environmental) management systems
What is ASHRAE 90.1?
a standard that sets the minimum requirements for energy-efficient design of most buildings, except low-rise residential buildings, by offering, in detail, the minimum energy-efficient requirements for design and construction of new buildings and their systems, new portions of buildings and their systems, and new systems and equipment in existing buildings, as well as criteria for determining compliance with these requirements
What is a Btu?
British thermal unit: the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of liquid water 1F. This standard measure of energy is used to describe the energy content of fuels and compare energy use
What are building loads?
the amount of energy and the devices and systems that use energy in a building
What is carbon footprint?
the amount of greenhouse gasses and specifically carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by something such as a company of the manufacture and transport of a product during a given period
What are carbon offsets?
a purchasable form of trade that funds projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as forest restoration, power plant and factory updates, or increases tot the energy efficiency of buildings and transportation
What is a chiller?
a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle. This liquid can then be circulated through a heat exchanger to cool air or equipment as required.
What is a CFC?
Chlorofluorocarbon: any of several simple gaseous compounds that contain carbon, chlorine, fluorine, and sometimes hydrogen, that are used as refrigerants, cleaning solvents, and aerosol propellants and in manufacture of plastic foams, and that are believed to be a major cause of stratospheric ozone depletion. CFCs are banned in many countries, including the US
What is Commissioning (Cx)?
verification after construction that a structure and its systems and subsystems meet project requirements as intended and designed
What is a commissioning authority (CxA)?
a third party contracted by a building owner who reports directly to the owner and oversees the incorporation of the design and energy goals throughout the lifetime of a project
What is demand response (DR) program?
a program offered by utilities that allow large energy users to reduce energy loads during peak energy usage times in exchange for reduced rates
What is energy star portfolio manager?
an EPA provided benchmarking system that is the most widely used in the US. The energy and water data for a building is entered into a web-based tool that then displays where the building type falls in whole-building energy use compared to other buildings of the same type. Greenhouse gas emissions are also measured
What is EUI? What does it stand for?
energy use intensity: a metric that expresses a building energy use as a function of its size
What is hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)?
a refrigerant used as a replacement for CFC refrigerants and propellants in aerosol canisters; considered to be less destructive to the atmosphere
What is hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)?
a refrigerant that is considered the long-term replacement for CFC and HCFC refrigerants since it consists of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon but not ozone-damaging chlorine; it does, however, contribute a small amount of global warming
What is IESNA? What does it stand for?
illuminating engineer society of north America (IESNA): an organization that publishes nationally and internationally used standards for the lighting industry
What is LPD? What does it stand for?
lighting power density (LPD): the installed lighting power per unit area
What is the Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer?
an international treaty that was adopted in 1987 to eliminate the production and consumption of ozone-depleting chemicals, ratified at the united nations by 197 countries and the European Union. the Montreal protocol band the uses of CFCs and phases out the use of HCFCs
What is REC? What does it stand for?
Renewable energy certificate: a tradable commodity sold by producers of renewable energy on the open market (such as stock exchange), which supports the production of additional renewable energy. One REC represents one megawatt hour of renewable energy produced
What is retrocommissioning?
a commissioning process that can be performed on existing buildings to identify and recognize system improvements that make the building more suitable for current use
What is the goals of the energy and atmosphere?
reduce energy demand, increase energy efficiency, replace fossil fuel use with renewable energy and carbon offsets, eliminate the use of harmful refrigerants, and monitor ongoing performance
How much energy do commercial building account for?
20%
Who are baselines established by?
third party standards organizations, such as: American society of heating refrigeration and air conditioning engineers (ASHRAE), the American national standards institute (ANSI), and the illuminating engineering society of north America (IESNA)
Who are energy efficiency baselines set by?
ASHRAE 90.1
What are the energy and atmosphere strategies types?
Reducing energy demand strategies Increasing energy efficiency strategies Producing renewable energy strategies Refrigerant management strategies Ongoing energy performance strategies
What are the reducing energy demand strategies?
Reduce building footprint
Incorporate passive design
Create a high-performance building envelope
Establish design and energy goals for commissioning
Install submeters and automated building controls
What are the increasing energy efficiency strategies?
Participate in a demand response program Benchmarking buildings Utilize high-performance building systems Specify high-efficiency appliances Implement energy modeling
What are the producing renewable energy strategies?
Install on-site renewable energy systems: solar power, wind power, bioenergy, geothermal energy, hydropower
Purchase off-site renewable energy: green power, renewable energy certificates (RECs), Green-e certification program, carbon offsets
What are the refrigerant management strategies?
Refrigerant trade-off
Refrigerant elimination
What are the ongoing energy performance strategies?
Preparing the OPR (owners project requirements)
Training building managers
Providing incentives for building occupants
Preventive maintenance
What are the scores of energy star portfolio manager?
Between 1 and 100. A score of 50 represents median energy performance. A score of 75 or better indicates that the building is a top performer and may be eligible for Energy Star Certification
How much less energy do energy star certified appliances use?
10% to 50% less energy than standard appliances
What makes up the energy consumption and what percentages?
34% of US energy consumption is petroleum and 30% is natural gas, followed by coal and nuclear energy. Renewable energy source make up the smallest amount at 10%
