Energy and respiration Flashcards
What is the RQ for lipid, protein and carbohydrate?
Lipid 0.7
Protein 0.9
Carbohydrate 1.0
What is the RQ of aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is above 1.0
Aerobic respiration is 0.7 to 1.0.
Explain why ATP is needed in the first part of glycolysis.
To phosphorylate glucose so that it can not leave the cell.
Outline the role of the mitochondrial matrix in respiration.
Site of link reaction and Krebs cycle.
Site of substrate link phosphorylation.
Contains DNA and 70s ribosomes for synthesis of enzymes.
Explain how a lack of oxygen affects oxidative phosphorylation.
Less electrons accepted by oxygen.
Reduced NAD and reduced FAD not oxidised.
Fewer electrons enter electron transport chain.
Fewer H+ pumped into intermembrane space.
Less chemiosmosis.
Less ATP produced
Outline the roles of named coenzymes in aerobic respiration.
Coenzyme A:
1. Binds with acetyl
2. Joins link reaction with Krebs cycle.
NAD:
1. Reduced by hydrogen
2. Transport electrons to ETC
3. NAD reduced in glycolysis, link reaction and Krebs cycle
Describe link reaction.
Decarboxylation of pyruvate.
Oxidation of pyruvate.
Reduced NAD and acetyl CoA produced.
Describe how ATP is produced from ADP in the Krebs cycle.
ADP is phosphorylated through substrate-linked phosphorylation.
Describe and explain the features of ATP that make it suitable as the universal energy currency.
Water-soluble so it can move around the cell.
Can be regenerated.
High turnover.
Releases energy immediately.
Describe the similarities and differences between fermentation in mammals and in yeast.
Similarities:
1. Use pyruvate.
2. Occur in cytoplasm.
3. Regenerate NAD.
Differences:
1. Lactic acid made in mammals and ethanol in yeast.
2. Carbon dioxide made in yeast not in mammals.
3. Reversible in mammals but irreversible in yeast.
