energy and nutrients

Question 1

what are carbohydrates?

Answer 1

repeated simple sugar units

Question 2

common simple sugars:

Answer 2

sucrose (table sugar), glucose, fructose

Question 3

chemical digestion of carbohydrates:

Answer 3

enzymes cleave off simple sugars from larger carb molecule

Question 4

how are glucose molecules used by our body?

Answer 4

they get absorbed into our blood and are used by cells as fuel for cellular respiration

Question 5

can we digest cellulose (fiber)?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

how does type 2 diabetes interfere with cells ability to absorb glucose from the blood?

Answer 6

cells become resistant to insulin and ignore its message to absorb glucose

Question 7

what are proteins?

Answer 7

repeated amino acid units

Question 8

chemical digestion of proteins

Answer 8

enzymes cleaving off amino acids from large protein molecule

Question 9

pepsin (stomach)

Answer 9

hydrochloric acid, helps with digestion

Question 10

all fats are:

Answer 10

hydrophobic (don’t mix well with water)

Question 11

saturated fat

Answer 11

packed tightly together

Question 12

unsaturated fat

Answer 12

double bonds

Question 13

triglyceride fat

Answer 13

animals

Question 14

phospholipids

Answer 14

makes up all cell membranes

Question 15

steroids

Answer 15

not chains, important hormones for reproductive systems

Question 16

why are trans-fats bad?

Answer 16

they were developed in a lab and are foreign to our body, they accumulate in our circulatory system and cause heart disease

Question 17

what is mastication?

Answer 17

chewing up food

Question 18

what is peristalsis?

Answer 18

involuntary muscle movement that occurs in your digestive system. It begins in your throat when you swallow, and continues to propel food and fluids throughout your gastrointestinal tract.

Question 19

why doesn’t hydrochloric acid eat through the stomach?

Answer 19

mucus creates barrier

Question 20

gastric juice

Answer 20

fluid secreted by stomach glands, inhibits infections in intestine

Question 21

chyme

Answer 21

increases surface area of food by breaking it down into smaller bits

Question 22

bile

Answer 22

fluid made and released by liver and stored in gallbladder, helps with digestion

Question 23

pancreatic juice

Answer 23

breaks down sugars, fats, and starches

Question 24

the digestive tract is also known as the:

Answer 24

alimentary canal

Question 25

the diaphragm is responsible for:

Answer 25

inhalation

Question 26

the nasal cavity is where:

Answer 26

oxygen enters

Question 27

the pharynx is:

Answer 27

behind nose/mouth, connecting them to esophagus

Question 28

the trachea is:

Answer 28

a tube leading to the lungs

Question 29

bronchi/bronchioles are:

Answer 29

branch/branches in the lungs

Question 30

the alveoli are:

Answer 30

little air sacks, place of gas exchange in lungs

Question 31

pulmonary circuit aka:

Answer 31

lungs

Question 32

the aorta is:

Answer 32

primary artery at the top of the heart

Question 33

systemic circuit is:

Answer 33

system (everything other than lungs)

Question 34

circulatory system (Ravalpava)

Answer 34

right atrium, right ventricle, arteries, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

Question 35

systole

Answer 35

when muscle is contracting

Question 36

diastole

Answer 36

when muscle is relaxed

Question 37

microbiome

Answer 37

microbes, bacteria, fungi, breast milk from mother, resemble our parents and are very personal