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LEED AP BD&C > Energy and Atmosphere > Flashcards

Energy and Atmosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

Buildings account for ____% of energy use and ____% of electricity use in the U.S.

A

50%, 72%

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2
Q

The built environment accounts for ___ Green House Gas emissions.

A

2/3rds

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3
Q

Green buildings use ___% less energy.

A

26%

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4
Q

LEED credits reflect _____ for a typical LEED building.

A

Carbon Footprint

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5
Q

Carbon Overlay = ______ reductions

A

Green House Gas

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6
Q

______ppm of ______ is the highest concentration in millions of years.

A

400 ppm of CO2

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7
Q

What is an example of feedback loop in Climate Change?

A

Temperature Rise = Increased Snow Melt = Temperature Rise

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8
Q

Burning fossil fuels produces what five compounds?

A

CO2, Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Arsenic, Mercury.

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9
Q

What are 3 prerequisites for Energy and Atmosphere?

A

Commissioning, Minimum Energy Performance & Refrigerant Management

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10
Q

What are 6 potential credits for Energy and Atmosphere?

A

Optimize energy performance, onsite renewable energy, enhanced commissioning, enhanced refrigerant management, measurement and verification, green power.

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11
Q

Fundamental commissioning requires that the energy related systems are installed and working according to what 3 things?

A

Owner’s project requirements, Basis of design and Construction documents.

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12
Q

What are 4 systems required to be commissioned?

A

HVAC, Lighting, Hot Water, Renewable Energy

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13
Q

The CxA should have what experience?

A

Documented commissioning experience on 2 similar projects.

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14
Q

The CxA should be independent of who?

A

Project design team and construction management

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15
Q

What is the standard for Minimum level of Energy Efficiency?

A

ANSI/ASHREA/IESNA 90.1 2007

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16
Q

The prerequisite for Energy Efficiency must meet one of these 3 standards

A

Whole Building Simulation (modeling software) or ASHREA Advanced Energy Design Guides or Advanced Building Core Performance Guide

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17
Q

What standard is used for measuring minimum energy performance for Homes and O&M?

A

Energy Star

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18
Q

Energy Star labels indicates what 3 things?

A

Uses less energy, less expensive to operate and causes less Green House Gas Emissions than its peers.

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19
Q

What is the reference for Refrigerant Management?

A

Montreal Protocol

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20
Q

What refrigerant is to be phased out by 2010?

A

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)

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21
Q

What refrigerant is to be phased out by 2030?

A

HCFCs (Hydro-Chlorofluorocarbons)

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22
Q

Existing chiller systems may be phased out under what conditions?

A

Reduce leakage to less than 5% per year and up to a 5 year phase out. OR prove cost to replace is greater than 10 year payback

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23
Q

What are 4 additional strategies for optimizing energy performance?

A

Cogeneration/Combined Heat Power, Daylight Sensors, Occupancy Sensors and VFDs on HVAC

24
Q

What is “Net Metering”

A

Sell excess energy back to utility company

25
Q

What 2 guides can be used for calculating the energy baseline?

A

Energy Model or Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

26
Q

What are 6 systems eligible for On-Site Energy?

A

Photovoltaic, Solar Thermal, Wind, Geothermal Heating/Electric, Low-Impact Hydro, Wave/Tidal

27
Q

What are 8 ineligible systems for On-Site Energy?

A

Combustion of solid waste, forestry waste, treated wood, architectural features, passive solar, daylighting, geo-exchange (ground source heat pumps) and any off site source.

28
Q

What are the 6 additional requirements for “Enhanced Commissioning”?

A

Starts prior to Construction Document phase, Reviews all docs prior to mid construction document phase,
Post Occupancy Review within 10 months,
Verifies training, Reviews Submittals,
Develops system manuals.

29
Q

What is the GWP (Global Warming Potential) of HFC-23?

A

12240

30
Q

What is the GWP (Global Warming Potential) of Carbon Dioxide as a natural refrigerant?

A

1

31
Q

What is the GWP (Global Warming Potential) of HCFC-22?

A

1780

32
Q

What are three alternatives for Enhanced Refrigeration?

A

1- Use Natural ventilation
2- Use natural refrigerants (Water, CO2, Ammonia)
3- Use refrigerants that minimize or eliminate ozone depletion and global warming.

33
Q

If using Artificial Refrigerants, what the 4 requirements?

A

Select equipment with efficient refrigerant charge, select equipment with long service life, Use refrigerant with low ODP (Ozone Depletion)/low GWP (Global warming potential) and Minimize refrigerant leakage

34
Q

What is the reference for Measurement and Verification?

A

IPMVP (International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol)

35
Q

What are the the two options for measurement and verification?

A

Option D: Calibrated Simulation (Building wide approach) or Option B: Energy Conservation Measure Isolation (System level approach)

36
Q

What are two additional requirements for Measurement & Verification?

A

One year minimum and a Plan for Correction

37
Q

What is the reference guide for Green Power?

A

CRS (Center for Resource Solutions) Green-e Product Certification

38
Q

What are the requirements for Green Power Credit?

A

Provide 35% of building electricity by engaging in 2 year renewable energy contract.

39
Q

How do you determine the baseline for Green Power?

A

Use consumption rate from EA-C1 Energy Model.

Commercial buildings Energy Consumption Survey. (CBECS)

40
Q

To achieve EP, Green Energy use increases to ____%

A

70%

41
Q

What unit is used for Green Power Calculation?

A

KWh per year

42
Q

If a 50,000 sq ft building uses 28.7 KWh per year, how much Green Power is required?

A

50,000 x 28.7 KWh = 1,435,000

1,435,000 x 2 years x .35 = 1,004,500 KWh

43
Q

What are 3 sources for Green Power?

A

1-Open Market State (Green-e certified provider)
2-Closed Market State (Enroll in Green-e accredited program
3-Purchase Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs = Green-Tags)

44
Q

What are Green-Tags?

A

Renewable energy certificates (RECS) = 1 megawatt-hour (MWh)

45
Q

If on site renewable power (windmill) is used, how should the off-site power be calculated?

A

Total Power Consumption - On Site = Total

Then 35% of total.

46
Q

What calculating the baseline for Min Energy Performance, what % of skylights and windows should be used?

A

Skylights < 5%

Windows <40%

47
Q

For Optimize Energy Performance, what are the points for the 3 calculation options?

A

1-19 - Energy Model
1 - Prescriptive ASHREA Advanced Energy Guide
1-3 - Prescriptive Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide

48
Q

What are the restrictions for using the Prescriptive ASHREA Advanced Energy Guide for the Energy Model?

A

< 20,000 sqft for Office Retail
< 50,000 sqft for Warehouse
< 200,000 sqft for School

49
Q

What are the restrictions for using the Prescriptive Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide for the Energy Model?

A

Not for healthcare, warehouse, lab or > 100,000 sqft

50
Q

For On Site Renewable Energy, how are the points structured?

A

1% of annual energy cost = 1 pt + 1 pt for each additional 2% $ savings. 1-7 points possible (+ 1 EP for 15%) , except for C&S which is 1-4 points. (+1 EP for 5%)

51
Q

Who can be the commisioning agent for Enhanced Commissioning? (4 choices)

A

1- Disinterested subcontractor to architect/engineer
2-Construction manager not holding constructor contracts
3-Independant consultant contracted by owner
4-Owner employee or staff

52
Q

For enhanced refrigeration, what is true about Fire Systems?

A

Cannot have Ozone depleting substances such as CFCs, HCFCs or Halons.

53
Q

For Optimize Energy Performance, what is the percentage spreads for points for new buildings? For existing buildings? Starts at ___% and ends at ___% in steps of ___.

A

Starts at 12% and ends at 50% in steps of 2 for new.

Starts at 8% and ends at 46% for existing.

54
Q

For Optimize Energy Performance, what are the possible points for NC and Schools? For Core and Shell?

A

1-19 + 1 EP for NC & Schools, 3-21 + 1 EP for C&S.

55
Q

IPMVP Option B monitors _____ level energy use whereas Option D monitors ____level energy use.

A

Option B - System Level

Option D - Building Level

LEED AP BD&C (8 decks)

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