Energy and Atmosphere Flashcards
Buildings account for ____% of energy use and ____% of electricity use in the U.S.
50%, 72%
The built environment accounts for ___ Green House Gas emissions.
2/3rds
Green buildings use ___% less energy.
26%
LEED credits reflect _____ for a typical LEED building.
Carbon Footprint
Carbon Overlay = ______ reductions
Green House Gas
______ppm of ______ is the highest concentration in millions of years.
400 ppm of CO2
What is an example of feedback loop in Climate Change?
Temperature Rise = Increased Snow Melt = Temperature Rise
Burning fossil fuels produces what five compounds?
CO2, Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Arsenic, Mercury.
What are 3 prerequisites for Energy and Atmosphere?
Commissioning, Minimum Energy Performance & Refrigerant Management
What are 6 potential credits for Energy and Atmosphere?
Optimize energy performance, onsite renewable energy, enhanced commissioning, enhanced refrigerant management, measurement and verification, green power.
Fundamental commissioning requires that the energy related systems are installed and working according to what 3 things?
Owner’s project requirements, Basis of design and Construction documents.
What are 4 systems required to be commissioned?
HVAC, Lighting, Hot Water, Renewable Energy
The CxA should have what experience?
Documented commissioning experience on 2 similar projects.
The CxA should be independent of who?
Project design team and construction management
What is the standard for Minimum level of Energy Efficiency?
ANSI/ASHREA/IESNA 90.1 2007
The prerequisite for Energy Efficiency must meet one of these 3 standards
Whole Building Simulation (modeling software) or ASHREA Advanced Energy Design Guides or Advanced Building Core Performance Guide
What standard is used for measuring minimum energy performance for Homes and O&M?
Energy Star
Energy Star labels indicates what 3 things?
Uses less energy, less expensive to operate and causes less Green House Gas Emissions than its peers.
What is the reference for Refrigerant Management?
Montreal Protocol
What refrigerant is to be phased out by 2010?
CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
What refrigerant is to be phased out by 2030?
HCFCs (Hydro-Chlorofluorocarbons)
Existing chiller systems may be phased out under what conditions?
Reduce leakage to less than 5% per year and up to a 5 year phase out. OR prove cost to replace is greater than 10 year payback
What are 4 additional strategies for optimizing energy performance?
Cogeneration/Combined Heat Power, Daylight Sensors, Occupancy Sensors and VFDs on HVAC
What is “Net Metering”
Sell excess energy back to utility company
What 2 guides can be used for calculating the energy baseline?
Energy Model or Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)
What are 6 systems eligible for On-Site Energy?
Photovoltaic, Solar Thermal, Wind, Geothermal Heating/Electric, Low-Impact Hydro, Wave/Tidal
What are 8 ineligible systems for On-Site Energy?
Combustion of solid waste, forestry waste, treated wood, architectural features, passive solar, daylighting, geo-exchange (ground source heat pumps) and any off site source.
What are the 6 additional requirements for “Enhanced Commissioning”?
Starts prior to Construction Document phase, Reviews all docs prior to mid construction document phase,
Post Occupancy Review within 10 months,
Verifies training, Reviews Submittals,
Develops system manuals.
What is the GWP (Global Warming Potential) of HFC-23?
12240
What is the GWP (Global Warming Potential) of Carbon Dioxide as a natural refrigerant?
1
What is the GWP (Global Warming Potential) of HCFC-22?
1780
What are three alternatives for Enhanced Refrigeration?
1- Use Natural ventilation
2- Use natural refrigerants (Water, CO2, Ammonia)
3- Use refrigerants that minimize or eliminate ozone depletion and global warming.
If using Artificial Refrigerants, what the 4 requirements?
Select equipment with efficient refrigerant charge, select equipment with long service life, Use refrigerant with low ODP (Ozone Depletion)/low GWP (Global warming potential) and Minimize refrigerant leakage
What is the reference for Measurement and Verification?
IPMVP (International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol)
What are the the two options for measurement and verification?
Option D: Calibrated Simulation (Building wide approach) or Option B: Energy Conservation Measure Isolation (System level approach)
What are two additional requirements for Measurement & Verification?
One year minimum and a Plan for Correction
What is the reference guide for Green Power?
CRS (Center for Resource Solutions) Green-e Product Certification
What are the requirements for Green Power Credit?
Provide 35% of building electricity by engaging in 2 year renewable energy contract.
How do you determine the baseline for Green Power?
Use consumption rate from EA-C1 Energy Model.
Commercial buildings Energy Consumption Survey. (CBECS)
To achieve EP, Green Energy use increases to ____%
70%
What unit is used for Green Power Calculation?
KWh per year
If a 50,000 sq ft building uses 28.7 KWh per year, how much Green Power is required?
50,000 x 28.7 KWh = 1,435,000
1,435,000 x 2 years x .35 = 1,004,500 KWh
What are 3 sources for Green Power?
1-Open Market State (Green-e certified provider)
2-Closed Market State (Enroll in Green-e accredited program
3-Purchase Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs = Green-Tags)
What are Green-Tags?
Renewable energy certificates (RECS) = 1 megawatt-hour (MWh)
If on site renewable power (windmill) is used, how should the off-site power be calculated?
Total Power Consumption - On Site = Total
Then 35% of total.
What calculating the baseline for Min Energy Performance, what % of skylights and windows should be used?
Skylights < 5%
Windows <40%
For Optimize Energy Performance, what are the points for the 3 calculation options?
1-19 - Energy Model
1 - Prescriptive ASHREA Advanced Energy Guide
1-3 - Prescriptive Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide
What are the restrictions for using the Prescriptive ASHREA Advanced Energy Guide for the Energy Model?
< 20,000 sqft for Office Retail
< 50,000 sqft for Warehouse
< 200,000 sqft for School
What are the restrictions for using the Prescriptive Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide for the Energy Model?
Not for healthcare, warehouse, lab or > 100,000 sqft
For On Site Renewable Energy, how are the points structured?
1% of annual energy cost = 1 pt + 1 pt for each additional 2% $ savings. 1-7 points possible (+ 1 EP for 15%) , except for C&S which is 1-4 points. (+1 EP for 5%)
Who can be the commisioning agent for Enhanced Commissioning? (4 choices)
1- Disinterested subcontractor to architect/engineer
2-Construction manager not holding constructor contracts
3-Independant consultant contracted by owner
4-Owner employee or staff
For enhanced refrigeration, what is true about Fire Systems?
Cannot have Ozone depleting substances such as CFCs, HCFCs or Halons.
For Optimize Energy Performance, what is the percentage spreads for points for new buildings? For existing buildings? Starts at ___% and ends at ___% in steps of ___.
Starts at 12% and ends at 50% in steps of 2 for new.
Starts at 8% and ends at 46% for existing.
For Optimize Energy Performance, what are the possible points for NC and Schools? For Core and Shell?
1-19 + 1 EP for NC & Schools, 3-21 + 1 EP for C&S.
IPMVP Option B monitors _____ level energy use whereas Option D monitors ____level energy use.
Option B - System Level
Option D - Building Level
