Energy Flashcards
How much energy do carbohydrates and proteins supply?
About 1g=4.5kcal
How much energy does fat supply?
About 1g=9kcal
How does the energy content of a diet relate to its water content?
Energy density varies inversely with the water content of the diet
If something Is described as ‘Dry matter basis’, what does that mean?
It means that all the water is removed
Define Gross energy
the total energy released by the oxidation of food in an environment of 100% o2
*animals wont get all this as digestion is not 100% efficient
Define Digestible energy. Give the formula
the energy absorbed into the body after digestion.
Digestible energy = gross energy - faecal losses
Define Metabolizable energy. Give formula
The energy that is ultimately utilized by the tissues.
Metabolizable energy - urinary losses
Define NET energy. Give formula
The energy available to the animal for upkeep of vital functions, exercise, growth etc.
NET energy = metabolizable energy - heat increment
Define Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
the energy required to keep essential bodily processes functioning and so maintain the animal
e.g. respiration, circulation and kidney function
Define Resting Energy Rate (RER)
The value we use when calculating the energy needs of hospitalised patients.
The energy required by an animal in a thermoneutral environment 12 hrs after eating. (i.e. not using any energy for heating/cooling or digestion)
What is the formula used to calculate RER
RER = (30 x Bodyweight(kg)) + 70
How would you calculate the g’s of food a patient needs?
g’s of food = RER x (grams of food in ‘x’ calories/’x’ calories)
Define Maintenance energy requirements
RER + energy required for exercise, digestion and absorption of food
