energy Flashcards
phototroph
organisms that capture energy from the sun
organisms that derive energy from chemical compounds
chemotrophs
autotrophs
organisms that can create their own carbon using inorganic carbon
heterotrophs
rely on other organisms for their organic forms of carbon
set of chemical reactions that break down polymers into monomers, and in the process produce ATP
catabolism
anabolism
chemical reactions that build molecules
kinetic energy
the energy of motion
potential energy
stored energy which is released by a change in an objects structure or function
chemical energy
form of potential energy held in the chemical bonds between pairs of atoms in a molecule
what composes ATP
3 phosphate groups, ribose, adenine
first law of thermodynamics
The universe contains a constant amount of energy- new energy is never formed or never lost. energy only changes in its form (can change from kinetic energy to potential energy)
second law of thermodynamics
energy transformations always result in an increase in disorder in the universe
entropy
degree of disorder in a system
Gibbs free energy (G)
the amount of energy available to do work
If a product of a reaction has more free energy than the reactants, is the ΔG positive or negative?
positive
if a product of a reaction has a negative ΔG, what does this mean?
products have less free energy than the reaction, and energy is released